KERAGAMAN GENETIK ANAMAN MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.) BERDASARKAN PENANDA MOLEKULER

LATRI PUTRI PARAMANDITA, Agus Budi Setiawan, S. P., M. Sc., Ph. D. ; Widhi Dyah Sawitri, S.Si., M.Agr., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Keragaman genetik dalam pemuliaan memiliki peran yang tinggi dalam persiapan proses pemuliaan tanaman. Berdasarkan morfologinya, timun (Cucumis sativus L.) dapat dibagi menjadi 3 jenis yaitu timun jepang, rujak, dan lalap. Perbedaan antar jenis timun dapat dideteksi secara molekuler dengan marka Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) dan Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP). Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman genetik tiga kelompok mentimun berdasarkan penanda IRAP dan SRAP. Selain itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas IRAP dan SRAP sebagai penanda molekuler untuk menguji keragaman genetik mentimun. Berdasarkan tiga primer IRAP dan SRAP didapatkan Total Amplified Loci (TAL), Total Polymorphic Loci (TPL), Percentage of Polymorphic Loci (PIC), Effective multiplex ratio (E), Marker Index (MI), Discriminating Power (D), Resolving Power (R), dendrogram, dan PCoA (Principle Component Analysis). Keragaman genetik tiga jenis timun berdasarkan marker IRAP maupun SRAP sehingga disarakan menggunakan primer lebih dari lima untuk penelitian keragaman genetik selanjutnya.

Genetic diversity plays a significant role in the preparation of plant breeding processes. Morphologically, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) can be classified into three types: Japanese cucumber, rujak cucumber, and lalap cucumber. The differences among these cucumber types can be detected molecularly using Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) and Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) markers. This study aims to identify the genetic diversity of three cucumber groups based on IRAP and SRAP markers. Furthermore, the study evaluates the effectiveness of IRAP and SRAP as molecular markers for assessing cucumber genetic diversity. Using three IRAP and SRAP primers, the study obtained Total Amplified Loci (TAL), Total Polymorphic Loci (TPL), Percentage of Polymorphic Loci (PIC), Effective Multiplex Ratio (E), Marker Index (MI), Discriminating Power (D), Resolving Power (R), dendrograms, and Principal Component Analysis (PCoA). The genetic diversity of the three cucumber types based on IRAP and SRAP markers is less conclusive, so it is recommended to use more than five primers in future genetic diversity studies.

Kata Kunci : Timun (Cucumis sativus L.), IRAP, SRAP, Evaluasi Marka, Keragaman Genetik