Potensi Aplikasi Gel Eco-enzyme Citrus X Aurantium L. dengan Cymbopogon Citratus (Dc.) Stapf terhadap Sel Inflamasi pada Proses Penyembuhan Luka Pascapencabutan Gigi Insisivus (Penelitian in vivo pada model tikus Sprague Dawley)

Risa Alvina Tania, Dr. drg. Alma Linggar Jonarta, M.Kes; Prof. drg. Heni Susilowati, M.Kes., Ph.D

2025 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Fase inflamasi ditandai infiltrasi sel-sel inflamasi pada daerah luka soket pascapencabutan gigi. Fase ini dapat dipercepat dengan pemberian zat aktif, antibakteri dan antioksidan. Eco-enzyme (EE) merupakan larutan fermentasi campuran bahan sisa organik, melase, dan air. EE memiliki kandungan zat aktif, yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan dapat membantu mempercepat proses inflamasi. EE dengan kandungan kulit jeruk baby Pacitan (Citrus x aurantium L.) dan serai (Cymbopogon Citratus (Dc.) Stapf) memiliki zat aktif  antibakteri, antioksidan, dan anti-inflamasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas gel eco-enzyme 60% terhadap jumlah sel inflamasi pada proses penyembuhan luka pascapencabutan gigi pada tikus Sprague Dawley (SD).

Tikus SD jantan berumur 2-3 bulan berjumlah 30 ekor dilakukan pencabutan gigi insisivus rahang bawah dalam keadaan teranestesi kemudian dilakukan pemberian obat topikal sebanyak 1 kali menggunakan gel eco-enzyme  60% sebanyak 0,02 mL pada 15 ekor kelompok perlakuan dan 15 ekor pada kelompok kontrol positif menggunakan gel povidone iodine sebanyak 0,02 mL. Pengamatan jumlah sel inflamasi dilakukan pada hari ke-1, 3, 5, 7, dan 14 setelah pencabutan gigi, dalam keadaan teranestesi dilakukan perfusi intrakardial 3 subjek per subkelompok. Selanjutnya jaringan diproses secara histologis dan dilakukan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin. Jumlah sel inflamasi dihitung dari 5 lapang pandang oleh 3 orang pengamat dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis statistik ANAVA dua jalur.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0,05) pada hasil uji ANAVA dua jalur. Bedasar uji post hoc menunjukkan bahwa pada hari ke-1 jumlah sel inflamasi kontrol positif lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan (p>0,05). Eco-enzyme berbahan dasar kulit jeruk baby Pacitan dan serai konsentrasi 60% memiliki pengaruh menurunkan jumlah sel inflamasi sehingga berpotensi mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka pasca pencabutan gigi tikus SD dan mempunyai pola respons sel inflamasi yang berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan pemberian gel povidone iodine pada resolusi inflamasi.

The inflammatory phase is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells in the socket wound area after tooth extraction. This phase can be accelerated by the administration of active substances, antibacterial and antioxidants. Eco-enzyme (EE) is a fermentation solution mixed with organic waste, molasses, and water. EE contains active substances, which have the potential to be antibacterial and can help speed up the inflammatory process. EE made with baby Pacitan orange peels (Citrus x aurantium L.) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus (Dc.) Stapf) has active antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory substances. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of 60?o-enzyme gel on the number of inflammatory cells in the healing process of post-tooth extraction wounds in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Male SD rats aged 2-3 months totaling 30 were extracted from the incisors of the lower jaw under anesthesia and then administered topical drugs once using 60?o-enzyme gel as much as 0.02 mL in treatment groups and in the positive control group using povidone iodine gel as much as 0.02 mL. Observation of the number of inflammatory cells was carried out on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 after tooth extraction, in the state of anesthesia intracardiac perfusion was carried out 3 subjects per subgroup. Next, the tissue was processed histologically and hematoxylin eosin staining was performed. The number of inflammatory cells was calculated from 5 fields of view by 3 observers and continued with two-way Anova statistical analysis.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in the results of the two-way Anova test. Based on the post hoc test, it was shown that on day 1 the number of positive control inflammatory cells was significantly higher than the treatment group, then gradually decreased until day 14. The number of inflammatory cells in the treatment group reached its peak on day 3 with a significant difference compared to the positive control, followed by a decrease on days 5 to 14. The conclusion of this study is that eco-enzyme gel made from Pacitan baby orange peels and lemongrass concentration of 60% has the effect of reducing the number of inflammatory cells so that it has the potential to accelerate the wound healing process after tooth extraction in SD rats and has a different inflammatory cell response pattern when compared to the administration of povidone iodine gel on inflammatory resolution.

Kata Kunci : eco-enzyme, sel inflamasi, jeruk baby Pacitan, serai, penyembuhan luka, pencabutan gigi