Kontaminasi Mikroplastik pada Ikan Nila, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), dI Mina Padi Samberembe, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Della Thasya Liona Safitri, Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Andhika Puspito Nugroho
2025 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI
Penggunaan
plastik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari semakin tidak terkendali, sehingga
menghasilkan sampah plastik yang mencemari lingkungan, terutama ekosistem
perairan. Sampah plastik ini lambat laun terurai menjadi partikel kecil yang
dikenal sebagai mikroplastik. Mikroplastik dapat terakumulasi dalam fauna
akuatik melalui rantai makanan, yang pada akhirnya dapat membahayakan kesehatan
manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kontaminasi mikroplastik
pada air, sedimen, dan organ ikan nila di Mina Padi Samberembe, Yogyakarta,
serta menganalisis potensi risiko kesehatan berdasarkan jenis polimer yang
ditemukan. Mikroplastik diekstraksi dari sampel air, sedimen, dan organ ikan,
termasuk insang, saluran pencernaan, dan otot, untuk kemudian dikarakterisasi
berdasarkan bentuk, warna, dan jenis polimernya menggunakan analisis FTIR.
Selain itu, dilakukan analisis indeks potensi risiko ekologis (PERI), indeks
bahaya polimer (PHI), dan indeks beban pencemaran (PLI) guna menilai risiko
kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air, sedimen, dan ikan nila yang
dibudidayakan di Mina Padi Samberembe telah terkontaminasi mikroplastik.
Akumulasi tertinggi mikroplastik pada organ pencernaan ikan nila dan sedimen
ditemukan di titik sampling T3, sedangkan pada air di titik T2. Mikroplastik
yang ditemukan memiliki berbagai bentuk, seperti serat, fragmen, dan film.
Jenis polimer yang teridentifikasi melalui analisis FTIR adalah polyethylene
terephthalate (PET). Tingkat risiko kontaminasi mikroplastik di Mina Padi
Samberembe tergolong rendah dengan tingkat bahaya polimer berada pada kategori
tiga.
The use of plastic in everyday life is increasingly uncontrolled,
resulting in plastic waste that pollutes the environment, especially aquatic
ecosystems. This plastic waste slowly decomposes into small particles known as
microplastics. Microplastics can accumulate in aquatic fauna through the food
chain, which can ultimately endanger human health. This study aims to evaluate
microplastic contamination in water, sediment, and tilapia organs in Mina Padi
Samberembe, Yogyakarta, and to analyze potential health risks based on the
types of polymers found. Microplastics were extracted from water, sediment, and
fish organ samples, including gills, digestive tract, and muscles, and then
characterized based on their shape, color, and polymer types using FTIR analysis.
In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the ecological risk potential index
(PERI), polymer hazard index (PHI), and pollution load index (PLI) was carried
out to assess health risks, demonstrating the thoroughness of the study. The
results showed that water, sediment, and tilapia cultivated in Mina Padi
Samberembe had been contaminated with microplastics. The highest accumulation
of microplastics in the digestive organs of tilapia and sediment was found at
sampling point T3 while in water at point T2. Microplastics have various forms,
such as fibers, fragments, and films. The type of polymer identified through
FTIR analysis is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The risk level of
microplastic contamination in Mina Padi Samberembe is classified as low with the
polymer hazard level in category three.
Kata Kunci : degradasi, kontaminasi, mikroplastik, mina padi, plastik.