PENGARUH UKURAN MESH, PERLAKUAN ALKALI, DAN KOMPOSISI RESIN PHENOLIC TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS KAMPAS REM KENDARAAN DARI SERBUK KAYU NANGKA

M. FAIZ KHAMDANI, Prof. Ir. Jamasri, Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK MESIN

INTISARI

 

Latar Belakang : Inovasi kampas rem yang terbuat dari serbuk kayu nangka diusulkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan untuk menggantikan kampas rem lama yang terbuat dari asbestos, yang diketahui berbahaya bagi kesehatan pernapasan manusia. Inovasi ini juga merupakan upaya untuk mengelola limbah serbuk kayu nangka, yang memiliki potensi besar untuk digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif.

Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh perbedaan ukuran mesh, nilai variasi konsentrasi NaOH, dan pengaruh perbedaan persentase phenolic resin terhadap perbaikan sifat mekanis kampas rem yang terbuat dari serbuk kayu nangka. Selain itu membandingkan hasil kampas rem serbuk kayu nangka dengan kampas rem pasaran

Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode inovasi produk dengan melakukan pembuatan kampas rem dengan cara hot press dan penelitian dilakukan di lab material teknik DTMI UGM.

Hasil dan Pembahasan : Penelitian ini membandingkan hasil kampas rem berbahan serbuk kayu nangka dengan variasi ukuran mesh (30, 50, 70). Mesh 70 menunjukkan performa terbaik dengan kekerasan 16,7 BHN dan ketahanan aus 7,4E-07 mm³/kgmm. Selain itu, perlakuan alkalisasi menggunakan larutan NaOH (2%, 4%, 6%) menghasilkan tingkat kristalisasi tertinggi pada konsentrasi 4%, meningkatkan kekerasan kampas rem dari 28,955 BHN menjadi 32,297 BHN dan menurunkan keausan dari 5,602E-07 menjadi 2,453E-07 mm³/kgmm.Penelitian juga mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi resin fenolik (50%, 40%, 30%) dengan hasil bahwa fraksi volume 30?alah komposisi terbaik, memberikan keseimbangan optimal antara kekerasan dan ketahanan aus. Dibandingkan dengan kampas rem asli, produk berbahan serbuk kayu nangka memiliki kekerasan hampir setara namun ketahanan aus yang lebih baik. Analisis termal menunjukkan sedikit penurunan ketahanan termal akibat perlakuan alkalisasi, kampas rem berbahan serbuk kayu nangka memiliki potensi besar sebagai alternatif material ramah lingkungan dengan performa mekanik yang memadai untuk aplikasi praktis.

Kesimpulan : Meningkatkan performa serat alam serbuk kayu nangka dalam pembuatan kampas rem dengan menggunakan serbuk mesh 70, dengan perlakuan alkali, dan konsentrasi resin phenolic tidak terlalu banyak dengan pada campuran penelitian ini menggunakan 30% fraksi volume.

 

Kata kunci : kampas rem, kayu nangka, serat alam, ukuran mesh, perlakuan alkali, konsentrasi phenolic resin,

 

 

ABSTRACT

The innovation of brake pads made from jackfruit sawdust is proposed as a more environmentally friendly alternative to replace old brake pads made from asbestos, which is known to be harmful to human respiratory health. This innovation is also an effort to manage jackfruit sawdust waste, which has great potential to be used as an alternative material to make pads break. The choice of jackfruit wood is because the material is easy to find in Indonesia and jackfruit wood has a lot of cellulose fiber which is good as a natural fiber.

The study began by comparing the results of brake pads with different meshes of 30, 50, and 70 on jackfruit sawdust. The purpose of this study was to choose the mesh size that had the best value among the three meshes that got the size still tended to be easier than the others. The results showed that the hardness and wear resistance values ??increased insignificantly with the best value at mesh 70 which in further research used this mesh. The results of the study with mesh hardness values ??of 30, 50, and 70 on this mixture were respectively 14.3 BHN, 9.3 BHN, and 16.7 BHN and the results of the wear test were respectively 8.2E-07 mm³ / kgmm, 9.9E-07 mm³ / kgmm, and 7.4E-07 mm³ / kgmm. This study also investigated the effect of alkalization treatment using NaOH solution with concentration variations of 2%, 4%, and 6% weight fraction to improve the mechanical properties of jackfruit wood powder. The purpose of this treatment is to increase the crystallization rate of the material so as to strengthen the natural fibers in the brake pad composite. The level of crystallization is seen from the amount of cellulose content in the powder through the degradation of lignin and hemicellulose in the jackfruit sawdust. The results showed that alkalization treatment with a NaOH concentration of 4% produced the highest crystallization rate, which reflects the ideal cellulose content. Furthermore, research on the effect of phenolic resin concentration using 3 samples at volume fraction concentrations of 50%, 40%, and 30%. It was found that increasing the concentration of phenolic resin caused an increase in the hardness of the material but decreased its wear. The results of this study also found that the volume fraction value of 30% was the best concentration value of phenolic resin.

Another study on the comparison of brake pads made from jackfruit wood powder with and without alkalization treatment showed a significant increase in mechanical properties. The hardness of the brake pads increased from 28,955 BHN to 32,297 BHN, while the wear rate decreased from 5,602E-07 to 2,453E-07. These results indicate that alkalization treatment has a positive effect on the mechanical performance of the brake pads. In addition, compared to the original brake pads, it shows that the hardness value is almost the same as the original brake pads and for wear resistance it is better than the brake pads. However, thermal analysis using TGA showed a slight decrease in thermal resistance due to alkalization treatment and when compared to the original brake pads, the thermal resistance value was still far below. Nevertheless, overall, brake pads made from jackfruit wood powder have great potential as an alternative brake pad material that is more environmentally friendly with adequate mechanical performance for practical applications.

Keywords: brake pads, jackfruit wood, natural fiber, mesh size, alkali treatment, phenolic resin concentration,

 

Kata Kunci : brake pads; jackfruit wood; natural fiber; mesh size; alkali treatment; phenolic resin concentration;