Cadangan Karbon di Hutan Sekunder Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Sago, Sumatra Barat

Muhammad Aldi Gusman, Siti Nurleily Marliana, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Sago merupakan salah satu hutan hujan tropika yang memiliki ancaman deforestasi. Kehilangan sebagian atau seluruh tutupan hutan berdampak kepada kepunahan biodiversitas. Kehilangan biodiversitas pada hutan hujan tropika berdampak kepada penurunan cadangan karbon hutan. Penurunan cadangan karbon akan menimbulkan peningkatan emisi karbon yang akan memicu kenaikan suhu rata-rata lingkungan. Masyarakat yang berperan sebagai stakeholder  bertanggung jawab terhadap keberlangsungan hutan di Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Sago. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari nilai cadangan karbon hutan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Sago. Data yang digunakan berupa data cadangan karbon hutan, NDVI, dan wawancara dengan masyarakat. Kriteria data cadangan karbon hutan adalah pohon dengan diameter of breast height (DBH) ? 10 cm. NDVI didapatkan menggunakan citra satelit Sentinel 2 dan Landsat 7 dengan jarak per lima tahun dari tahun 2009–2024. Dua puluh orang masyarakat yang berinteraksi langsung dengan hutan akan diwawancara dan hasil ditabulasikan berupa data kualitatif. Cadangan karbon hutan di Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Sago masih dalam kategori buruk akibat konversi lahan dan penebangan liar. Hutan didominasi pohon dengan diameter 10–20 cm. Hutan memiliki potensi sebagai simpanan karbon untuk program mitigasi perubahan iklim.

Forests serve as natural carbon sinks, absorbing and sequestering atmospheric CO₂ and consequently mitigating humans’ carbon emissions. Deforestation threatens forests’ ability to store carbon, however, along with reducing the biodiversity they harbor, ultimately leading to species extinction and unmitigated emissions. In Mount Sago Nature Tourism Park, Sumatra, forest cover has been reduced to make way for agriculture. The community, which acts as a stakeholder, is responsible for the sustainability of the forest in Mount Sago Nature Park. Therefore, this research aimed to estimate the carbon stock of the forest in Mount Sago Nature Tourism Park. Data collection took place from December 2023 to February 2024, and was composed of forest carbon stock data, NDVI, and interviews with the local community. The criterion for forest carbon stock data was trees with diameter breast height ? 10 cm. NDVI was obtained using Sentinel 2 and Landsat 7 satellite images with a five-year interval of 2009–2024. And a total of 20 respondents who interact directly with the forest were interviewed, with the results compiled in qualitative form. Based on the findings, the forest carbon stock in the nature tourism park was categorized as poor, stemming from the level of land conversion and illegal logging. The forest itself was dominated by trees with diameters of 10–20 cm. To reverse the trend of forest loss and rising emissions, it is imperative that deforestation in Mount Sago be halted.

Kata Kunci : agroforestri, hutan hujan pegunungan, jasa ekosistem, mitigasi lahan, sekuestrasi karbon