Pengaruh Air Limbah Tambak Udang terhadap Pertumbuhan, Metabolit Primer dan Pigmen Euglena sp.

Nur Laili Fauziah, Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Andhika Puspito Nugroho, S.Si., M.Si.; Dr. Eko Agus Suyono, S.Si., M.App.Sc.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Budidaya udang vaname di tambak dilakukan semakin intensif menyebabkan peningkatan limbah yang dihasilkan. Tambak udang vaname masih banyak mengalirkan limbah ke aliran air secara langsung. Tingginya kandungan limbah ini menyebabkan permasalahan bagi lingkungan perairan.  Limbah tambak udang mengandung senyawa-senyawa nutrien terutama nitrogen dan fosfor dalam jumlah tinggi dimana memiliki potensi sebagai medium kultur mikroalga Euglena sp. Mikroalaga Euglena sp. merupakan mikroalga uniselular fotosintetik yang dapat menghasilkan berbagai metabolit seperti lipid, protein, karbohidrat dan pigmen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan air limbah tambak udang terhadap pertumbuhan, lipid, protein karbohidrat dan pigmen Euglena sp. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penambahan air limbah tambak udang dengan konsentrasi yang beragam (0%, 10%, 30?n 50%) untuk optimasi produksi metabolit lipid, protein, karbohidrat dan pigmen Euglena sp.  Parameter yang diamati yaitu jumlah sel, biomassa sel, kadar karbohidrat, kadar protein, kadar lipid dan kadar pigmen. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan One-Way ANOVA. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan jumlah densitas sel terbanyak diperoleh 45.6x10^5 sel/mL, specific growth rate 0.335 ± 0.075 µ/hari, doubling time 2.154 ± 0.551 setiap harinya, biomassa 0.302 mg/mL, lipid 0.256 ± 0.050 mg/mL, karbohidrat 1.103 ± 0.011 mg/mL, protein 0.02995±0.00001 µ/mL, klorofil a 2.578 ± 0.102 µg/mL, klorofil b 3.246 ± 0.129 µg/mL dan karotenoid 1.078 ± 0.013 µg/mL. Karakteristik asam lemak tertinggi terdapat pada Methyl cis-11-eicosenoate (MUFA) dengan nilai relatif 17, 58%, Methyl linoleate dengan nilai 15,82 (PUFA) dan Methyl palmitate (SFA) dengan nilai relatif 15,75%.

Vanname shrimp cultivation in ponds is being carried out more intensively, causing an increase in the waste produced. Many vaname shrimp ponds still channel waste directly into waterways. The high content of this waste causes problems for the aquatic environment. Shrimp pond waste contains high amounts of nutrient compounds, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, which has potential as a culture medium for the microalgae Euglena sp. Microalgae Euglena sp. is a photosynthetic unicellular microalgae that can produce various metabolites such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and pigments. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of adding shrimp pond wastewater on growth, lipids, protein carbohydrates and pigments of Euglena sp. In this research, shrimp pond wastewater was added with various concentrations (0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%) to optimize the production of lipid, protein, carbohydrate and Euglena sp. pigment metabolites. The parameters observed were the number of cells, cell biomass, lipid content, protein content, carbohydrate, lipid and pigment content. Quantitative data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. The resultsof this study showed that the highest cell density was obtained 45.6x10^5 cells/mL, specific growth rate 0.335 ± 0.075 µ/hari, doubling time 2.154 ± 0.551 every day, biomass 0.302 ± 0.020 mg/mL, lipid 0.256 ± 0.050 mg/mL, carbohydrate 1.103 ± 0.011 mg/mL, protein 0.02995±0.00001 µ/mL, chlorophyll a 2.578 ± 0.102 µg/mL, chlorophyll b 3.246 ± 0.129 µg/mL and carotenoid 1.078 ± 0.013 µg/mL. The highest fatty acid methyl ester characteristics are found in Methyl cis-11-eicosenoate (MUFA) with relative value of 17, 58%, Methyl linoleate with relative value of 15,82 (PUFA) and Methyl palmitate (SFA) with relative value of 15,75%.

Kata Kunci : Air Limbah Tambak Udang, Euglena sp., Metabolit Primer, Pigmen.