Indeks Entomologi dan Status Kerentanan Jentik Aedes spp. Terhadap Temephos di Kelurahan Sungai Pinang, Kecamatan Bungo Dani, Kabupaten Bungo, Provinsi Jambi
Tazkiah Unida, Prof. dr. Tri Baskoro T Satoto, M.Sc., Ph.D ; Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, S.Si., M.Kes., Ph.D.
2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis
Latar belakang :
Kelurahan Sungai Pinang memiliki kepadatan penduduk tinggi dan endemis dengue. Keberadaan Aedes spp. sebagai vektor virus dengue diperparah dengan kondisi lingkungan yang kurang terkontrol, seperti banjir yang memperbanyak wadah tergenang sebagai tempat perindukan nyamuk. Variasi tipe rumah juga mempengaruhi populasi Aedes spp., sehingga penelitian mengenai vektor nyamuk dan penggunaan temephos perlu diteliti untuk mengidentifikasi potensi resistensi terhadap jentik Aedes spp.
Tujuan :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati indeks entomologi Aedes spp. di Kelurahan Sungai Pinang (1°59'13.3" S dan 102°02'55.2" E), ovitrap index dan angka bebas jentik, di wilayah RT 07 dan RT 18. Telur Aedes spp. kemudian direaring untuk eksperimen uji resistensi terhadap 4 dosis temephos technical grade.
Metode:
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional desain cross-sectional dan eksperimen jenis quasi-experimental. Teknik sampling purposive. Data indeks entomologi, ovitrap index, dan angka bebas jentik dianalisis univariat, sedangkan gambaran spasial dianalisis menggunakan ArcGIS, QGIS, dan Google Earth. Analisis lethal concentration (LC50 dan LC90) dilakukan secara bivariat.
Hasil :
Indikator entomologi menunjukkan house index 22,35%, container index 15,22%, dan breteau index 63,92%. Nilai HI dan CI termasuk dalam kategori densitas sedang, sedangkan BI termasuk kategori tinggi. Angka bebas jentik di RT 07 dan RT 18 adalah 77,65%, masih di bawah target nasional 95%. Ovitrap index mencapai 89,41%, menunjukkan tingkat resiko tinggi. Status resistensi jentik terduga resisten terhadap temephos berdasarkan dosis WHO.
Kesimpulan :
Kelurahan Sungai Pinang termasuk daerah berisiko tinggi terjadi penularan dengue.
Kata kunci : Aedes spp., indeks entomologi, status resistensi, temephos
Background:
Sungai Pinang Subdistrict has a high population density and is endemic to dengue fever. The presence of Aedes spp. as a vector for the dengue virus is exacerbated by poorly controlled environmental conditions, such as flooding, which increases the number of water-holding containers that serve as breeding sites for mosquitoes. Variations in housing types also affect the Aedes spp. population. Therefore, research on mosquito vectors and the use of temephos is necessary to identify the potential resistance of Aedes spp. larvae.
Objective:
This study aims to observe the entomological indices of Aedes spp. in Sungai Pinang Subdistrict (1°59'13.3" S and 102°02'55.2" E), including the ovitrap index and larval-free rate, in RT 07 and RT 18 areas. Aedes spp. eggs were then reared for resistance testing against four doses of technical-grade temephos.
Methods:
This research employed an observational cross-sectional design and a quasi-experimental experimental design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Entomological indices, ovitrap index, and larval-free rates were analyzed univariately, while spatial distribution was analyzed using ArcGIS, QGIS, and Google Earth. Lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) analyses were conducted using bivariate analysis.
Results:
Entomological indicators showed a house index (HI) of 22.35%, container index (CI) of 15.22%, and breteau index (BI) of 63.92%. The HI and CI values fall under the medium-density category, while the BI is in the high-density category. The larval-free rate in RT 07 and RT 18 was 77.65%, which is below the national target of 95%. The ovitrap index reached 89.41%, indicating a high-risk level. The resistance status of the larvae was suspected to be resistant to temephos based on WHO dose recommendations.
Conclusion:
Sungai Pinang Subdistrict is a high-risk area for dengue transmission.
Kata Kunci : Aedes spp., entomological indices, resistance status, temephos
