Menelusuri Dinamika Imaji Kebijakan Biofuel: Eksplorasi Peran dan Perspektif Beragam Aktor di Indonesia

Alfareza Firdaus, Dr. Indri Dwi Apriliyanti, SIP., MBA.

2024 | Tesis | MAGISTER MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

Kebijakan biofuel di Indonesia memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung arah transisi energi menuju energi yang ramah lingkungan dan keberlanjutan, namun dalam prosesnya terdapat kompleksitas dinamika relasi antar aktor yang berkontribusi pada kebijakan biofuel. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi imaji dari variasi aktor, seperti pemerintah, bisnis, lembaga penelitian, dan NGO yang saling berinteraksi dalam mengelola imaji biofuel melalui pendekatan relational co-productionist socio-technical imaginaries. Empat dimensi utama yang digunakan, yakni meanings, knowings, doings, dan organizings untuk menganalisis konstruksi dari imaji permasalahan energi, metode pengetahuan, material dan aktivitas teknologi, serta tata kelola biofuel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan biofuel cenderung didominasi oleh koalisi pemerintah dan binis yang berorientasi pada pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kemandirian energi nasional. Sementara itu, NGO sebagai aktor kontra hegemoni dengan menyuarakan kritik terhadap dampak negatif produksi biofuel pada sosio-ekologis, serta lembaga riset yang memosisikan dirinya secara fleksibel dalam transisi energi biofuel ini. Kemudian, kebijakan biofuel di Indonesia merefleksikan ketegangan antara logika status quo dengan upaya transformasi yang lebih radikal dan inklusif. Kontribusi utama penelitian ini adalah memperluas pemahaman tentang konsep socio-technical imaginaries dalam mengungkap kaitannya dengan power dynamics dan power relations antar aktor dalam kebijakan energi. Juga menawarkan wawasan tentang konsep socio-technical imaginaries yang dapat membangun transisi energi yang lebih adil dan inklusif.

Biofuel policy in Indonesia has a strategic role in supporting the direction of energy transition towards environmentally friendly and sustainable energy. However, relational dynamics between actors who contribute to biofuel policy are complex. This research explores the imaginaries of various actors, such as government, business, research institutions, and NGOs, interacting with each other in managing biofuel imaginaries through a relational co-productionist socio-technical imaginaries approach. Four main dimensions are used, namely meanings, knowings, doings, and organizings, to analyze the construction of images of energy problems, knowledge methods, material and technological activities, and biofuel governance. The results show that biofuel policies tend to be dominated by government and business coalitions oriented towards economic growth and national energy independence. Meanwhile, NGOs are counter-hegemonic actors by voicing criticism of the negative socio-ecological impacts of biofuel production, as well as research institutions that position themselves flexibly in this biofuel energy transition. Then, the biofuel policy in Indonesia reflects the tension between the logic of the status quo and the efforts of a more radical and inclusive transformation. The main contribution of this research is to expand the understanding of socio-technical imaginaries in revealing their relationship with power dynamics and power relations between actors in energy policy. It also offers insights into the concept of socio-technical imaginaries that can build a more just and inclusive energy transition.

Kata Kunci : Kebijakan biofuel, socio-technical imaginaries, relational co-production, transisi energi, Indonesia