Suplementasi Se dan Zn Organik Pada Sapi Perah Terhadap Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen, Produksi, dan Kualitas Susu serta Potensinya Sebagai Immunodulator

Moh. Sofi'ul Anam, Prof. Dr. Ir. Ali Agus, DAA., DEA., IPU., ASEAN Eng.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto, DESS., DEA., IPU., ASEAN Eng.; Ir. Andriyani Astuti, S.Pt., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2024 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Trace mineral (TM), seperti selenium (Se) dan zinc (Zn), diketahui memiliki peran spenting sebagai antioksidan dan ko-faktor baik bagi mikrobia rumen maupun ternak inang. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat tahap, dengan tujuan umum yaitu untuk mengevaluasi suplementasi kombinasi mineral Se dan Zn organik terhadap mikrobiom rumen, karakteristik fermentasi rumen, produktivitas sapi perah awal laktasi, serta potensi produk susu yang dihasilkan sebagai immonodulator. Penelitian I terdiri dari suplementasi Se organik: CON-S = pakan basal + premix (kontrol), Low-Se = CON-S + Se 0,15 mg/kg, Med-Se = CON-S + Se 0,30 mg/kg, High-Se = CON-S + Se 0,45 mg/kg. Suplementasi Zn organik: CON-Z = pakan basal + premix (kontrol), Low-Zn = CON-Z + Zn 30 mg/kg, Med-Zn = CON-Z + Zn 60 mg/kg, dan High-Zn = CON-Z + Zn 90 mg/kg. Penelitian II terdiri dari CON = pakan basal tanpa suplementasi TM, SZ-1 = Se 0,30 mg/kg BK + Zn 60 mg/kg BK, SZ-2 = Se 0,45 ppm + Zn 60 mg/kg BK, SZ-3 = CON + Se 0,30 mg/kg BK + Zn 90 mg/kg BK (SZ-3), dan SZ-4 = CON + Se 0,45 mg/kg BK + Zn 90 mg/kg BK. Penelitian III dilakukan secara in vivo, dengan menggunakan 24 ekor sapi perah awal laktasi. Ternak dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok perlakuan meliputi: CON = current feeding system, FS = CON + feed supplement 1 kg/ekor/hari, FS-SZ = CON + feed supplement enriched Se-Zn 1 kg/ekor/hari (Se = 0,45 mg/kg BK, Zn = 60 mg/kg BK). Pengamatan dilakukan selama 49 hari (7 minggu). Penelitian IV meliputi T1 = tikus sehat tanpa susu, T2 = tikus sehat + susu standar, T3 = tikus sehat + susu tinggi Se-Zn, T4 = tikus malnutrisi tanpa susu, T5 = tikus malnutrisi + susu standar, T6 = tikus malnutrisi + susu tinggi Se-Zn.

Hasil penelitian I menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi Se organik pada dosis 0,30 dan 0,45 mg/kg dan atau/ Zn organik pada dosis 60 dan 90 mg/kg meningkatkan aktivitas enzim CMC-ase, amilase, dan protease dibandingkan dengan kontrol (P<0>penelitian II menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan SZ-2, SZ-3, dan SZ-4 meningkatkan aktivitas enzim CMC-ase, amilase, protease, kadar total VFA, propionat, dan protein mikrobia dibandingkan kelompok CON dan SZ-1 (P<0>3 mengalami penurunan (P<0>diversity (P>0,05) namun mempengaruhi abundance mikrobia rumen pada beberapa filum dan genus (P<0>

Penelitian III menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan FS dan FS-SZ meningkatkan produksi susu dibandingkan dengan CON (P<0>feed supplement enriched with Se-Zn organik meningkatkan kandungan Se dan Zn dalam susu dan serum, serta meningkatkan kadar GSH-Px, SOD, dan T-AOC (P<0>penelitian IV menunjukkan bahwa selama periode re-nutrisi (minggu 3-6), susu tinggi Se-Zn meningkatkan indeks stimulasi supernatan hasil kultur limfosit serta kadar IL-10 dibandingkan dengan susu standar atau tanpa pemberian susu di antara kelompok malnutrisi (P<0>Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu kombinasi Se dan Zn organik dapat memodulasi mikrobia rumen dan karaktersitik fermentasi rumen, dan aplikasi penggunaan feed-supplement enriched with Se-Zn organik dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sapi perah awal laktasi, serta kadar Se-Zn dalam susu, dimana produk susu tinggi Se-Zn tersebut dapat berperan sebagai immunodulator pada tikus malnutirisi.

Trace minerals (TM), such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), are known to play significant roles as antioxidants and cofactors for both rumen microbiota and animal hosts. This study consists of four phases, with the primary objective of evaluating the effects of organic Se and Zn mineral supplementation on rumen microbiome, rumen fermentation characteristics, early-lactating dairy cows productivity, and the potential of the milk produced as an immunomodulator. Phase I involved supplementation of organic Se: CON-S = basal feed + premix (control), Low-Se = CON-S + Se 0.15 mg/kg, Med-Se = CON-S + Se 0.30 mg/kg, High-Se = CON-S + Se 0.45 mg/kg. For organic Zn supplementation: CON-Z = basal feed + premix (control), Low-Zn = CON-Z + Zn 30 mg/kg, Med-Zn = CON-Z + Zn 60 mg/kg, High-Zn = CON-Z + Zn 90 mg/kg. Phase II consisted of: CON = basal feed without TM supplementation, SZ-1 = Se 0.30 mg/kg DM + Zn 60 mg/kg DM, SZ-2 = Se 0.45 mg/kg DM + Zn 60 mg/kg DM, SZ-3 = CON + Se 0.30 mg/kg DM + Zn 90 mg/kg DM, and SZ-4 = CON + Se 0.45 mg/kg DM + Zn 90 mg/kg DM. Phase III was conducted in vivo using 24 early lactation dairy cows. The cows were divided into three treatment groups: CON = current feeding system, FS = CON + feed supplement 1 kg/cow/day, FS-SZ = CON + feed supplement enriched with Se-Zn 1 kg/cow/day (Se = 0.45 mg/kg DM, Zn = 60 mg/kg DM). Observations were made for 49 days (7 weeks). Phase IV involved: T1 = healthy rats without milk, T2 = healthy rats + standard milk, T3 = healthy rats + high Se-Zn milk, T4 = malnourished rats without milk, T5 = malnourished rats + standard milk, T6 = malnourished rats + high Se-Zn milk.

Phase I found that supplementation with organic Se at doses of 0.30 and 0.45 mg/kg and/ or organic Zn at doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg significantly increased the activity of CMC-ase, amylase, and protease enzymes compared to the control (P<0>Phase II showed that treatments SZ-2, SZ-3, and SZ-4 groups significantly increased the activity of CMC-ase, amylase, and protease enzymes, as well as total VFA concentrations, propionate levels, and microbial protein compared to the CON and SZ-1 groups (P<0>3 concentrations were reduced (P<0>0.05), the treatments affected the abundance of rumen microbes at specific phyla and genera (P<0>

Phase III demonstrated that FS and FS-SZ groups increased milk production compared to the CON group (P<0>Phase IV showed that during the re-nutrition period (weeks 3-6), high Se-Zn milk significantly increased the stimulation index of supernatants from lymphocyte cultures and IL-10 levels compared to standard milk or no milk among malnourished rats (P<0>

Kata Kunci : mikrobia rumen, produksi susu, immunodulator, selenium, suplemen, zinc