Pengaruh Status Kelengkapan Vaksin COVID-19 Terhadap Kadar Titer Antibodi COVID-19 Pada Ibu Hamil

Adhyanovic Hadi Pradipta, Dr. dr. Shinta Prawitasari., Sp.O.G, Subsp. Obginsos; dr. Irwan Taufiqur Rachman, Sp.O.G, Subsp. K.Fm

2024 | Tesis-Spesialis | S2 Ilmu Kebidanan dan Penyakit Kandungan

Latar Belakang: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) merupakan permasalahan kesehatan global yang memengaruhi seluruh umat manusia termasuk ibu hamil. Hingga 23 Mei 2024 telah terjadi 775.431.269 kasus terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Pada ibu hamil, infeksi COVID-19 dapat berpotensi menyebabkan infeksi berat hingga perawatan di ruang intensif maupun persalinan prematur. Hingga saat ini belum ada antivirus yang dinilai efektif dalam menangani COVID-19 sehingga vaksinasi menjadi salah satu upaya untuk mencegah COVID-19.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kadar titer antibodi pada perempuan hamil

Material dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta pada periode Juni 2023 hingga April 2024 yang melibatkan ibu hamil yang tidak terkena COVID-19. Usia ibu, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), jenis vaksin, usia kehamilan, interval pengukuran, serta kadar titer IgG dinilai. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan chi-square untuk data kategorik dan uji T untuk data numerik pada 2 kelompok, serta one-way ANOVA pada lebih dari 2 kelompok. Analisis multivariat dilakukan menggunakan Ancova.

Hasil: Ditemukan bahwa kadar titer antibodi COVID-19 pada kelompok yang lengkap vaksin akan lebih tinggi dengan nilai 602,70 ± 224,87 U/mL dibandingkan 485,21 ± 125,64 U/mL pada kelompok vaksin tidak lengkap (p=0,034). Selanjutnya jenis vaksin (P=0,001) dan interval vaksin (P=0,000) berpengaruh secara statistik terhadap kadar titer IgG COVID-19. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa jenis vaksin memberikan effect size dan dengan besaran nilai effect size (partial eta square) terbesar yakni 0,726 (p=0,007) terbesar untuk terhadap titer IgG.

Kesimpulan: Vaksin yang lengkap, interval pengukuran kadar IgG yang lebih pendek, serta jenis vaksin merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh secara statistik terhadap kadar IgG COVID-19 yang lebih tinggi

Background: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) was a global health crisis that affected all of humanity, including pregnant women. As of May 23, 2024, there had been 775,431,269 confirmed cases of COVID-19. In pregnant women, COVID-19 infection could potentially cause severe complications requiring intensive care and premature delivery. Until now, there has been no antiviral treatment considered effective in dealing with COVID-19, so vaccination was one of the primary efforts to prevent the disease.

Objective: The objective was to determine the factors that affected antibody titer levels in pregnant women.

Materials and Methods: This study was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted at Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital from June 2023 to April 2024, involving pregnant women who had not yet been diagnosed with COVID-19. The mother's age, body mass index (BMI), vaccine type, gestational age, measurement interval, and IgG titer levels were assessed. Bivariate analysis was carried out using the chi-square test for categorical data and the Test for numerical data in 2 groups, as well as one-way ANOVA for more than 2 groups. Multivariate analysis was carried out using ANCOVA.

Results: It was found that the level of COVID-19 antibody titers in the complete vaccine group was higher, with a value of 602.70 ± 224.87 U/mL compared to 485.21 ± 125.64 U/mL in the incomplete vaccine group (p=0.034). Furthermore, the type of vaccine (P=0.001) and vaccine interval (P=0.000) had significant impacts on the level of COVID-19 IgG titer. Multivariate analysis showed that the type of vaccine had the largest effect size (partial eta square) value of 0.726 (p=0.007) for IgG titers.

Conclusions: Complete vaccination, shorter IgG measurement intervals, and vaccine type were statistically significant factors associated with higher COVID- 19 IgG levels.

Kata Kunci : COVID-19, vaksin, ibu hamil, jenis vaksin, interval vaksin/ COVID-19, vaccines, pregnant women, types of vaccines, vaccine intervals