Kinerja Produksi dan Kelayakan Investasi Usaha Pembiakan Domba Garut di Kabupaten Garut

Raihan Dary Hasnanda, Prof. Dr. Ir. Rini Widiati, M.S., IPU. ; Ir. Panjono, S.Pt., M.P., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kinerja produksi dari berbagai pola usaha pembiakan Domba Garut, menganalisis kelayakan investasi, dan mengevaluasi dampak perubahan kinerja teknis dan ekonomi terhadap kelayakan investasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Garut pada bulan Januari hingga Mei 2024. Penilitian ini melibatkan 40 responden peternak rakyat dan 120 induk Domba Garut produktif. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei menggunakan kuesioner. Data terdiri dari aspek teknis, kinerja reproduksi induk, dan ekonomi. Analisis kelayakan investasi menggunakan NPV, IRR, BCR, dan periode pengembalian, serta dilakukan analisis sensitivitas dengan tiga skenario yaitu perubahan biaya pakan, umur penjualan anak, dan harga jual anak domba. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat empat pola usaha pembiakan, yaitu induk yang menghasilkan jantan-betina bibit, jantan bibit-betina bunting, jantan potong-betina bibit, dan jantan potong-betina bunting. Hasil kinerja reproduksi menunjukkan secara rata-rata interval kelahiran induk 9,33±1,45 bulan, litter size 2,52±1,2 ekor, dan mortalitas anak 28±36%. Investasi lima tahun dengan bunga 6%/tahun layak dijalankan, dengan NPV tertinggi pada pola jantan bibit-betina bunting sebesar Rp50.133.683 dan terendah pada pola jantan potong-betina bibit sebesar Rp33.011.129. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan penambahan biaya pakan mengakibatkan seluruh pola usaha tidak layak, penambahan biaya pakan dan umur penjualan mengakibatkan hanya pola usaha jantan bibit-betina bunting yang layak, serta penambahan biaya pakan dan peningkatan harga jual anak minimal 5% menyebabkan pola jantan bibit-betina bunting tetap layak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kinerja reproduksi induk Domba Garut perlu diperbaiki, meskipun demikian usaha pembiakan Domba Garut layak secara finansial dan berpotensi dikembangkan lebih lanjut melalui optimalisasi umur penjualan dan peningkatan harga jual anak domba.

The purpose of this research is to identify the production performance of several Garut Sheep breeding business models, analyze investment feasibility, and assess the impact of changes in technical and economic performance on investment feasibility. The research was conducted in Garut Regency from January to May 2024. This research involved 40 smallholder farmers and 120 productive Garut sheep. Data were collected through a survey using a questionnaire. Data consisted of technical aspects, reproductive performance of ewe, and economic performance. Investment feasibility was analyzed using NPV, IRR, BCR, and payback period, and sensitivity analysis was conducted with three scenarios: changes in feed costs, age at lamb sale, and lamb selling price. The results show that there are four patterns of breeding businesses, namely ewes that produce male-female lamb breeding stock, male lamb breeding stock-pregnant ewes, slaughter rams-female lamb breeding stock, and slaughter rams-pregnant ewes. The reproductive performance of Garut Ewes showed a lambing interval of 9.33±1.45 months, a litter size of 2.52±1.2 lambs, and a lamb mortality of 28±36%. A five-year investment with an interest rate of 6%/year is feasible, with the highest NPV in the male lamb breeding stock-pregnant ewe pattern of IDR 50,133,683 and the lowest in the slaughter rams-female lamb breeding stock pattern of IDR 33,011,129. Sensitivity analysis showed that the addition of feed costs resulted in all breeding business patterns not being feasible, the addition of feed costs and sales age resulted in only the male lamb breeding stock-pregnant ewe pattern being feasible, and the addition of feed costs and an increase in the selling price of offspring of at least 5% resulted in the male-female lamb breeding stock pattern remaining feasible. The conclusion of this study is that the reproductive performance of Garut Sheep needs to be improved, however, the Garut Sheep breeding business is financially feasible and has the potential to be further developed through optimizing the selling age and increasing the selling price.

Kata Kunci : Domba Garut, Usaha Pembiakan Domba, Kinerja Produksi, Kelayakan Usaha, Sensitivitas