Peran Working Memory terhadap Stroop Effect : Studi Event Related Potential

Rahmadani Yulianti, Dra. Sri Kusrohmaniah, M.Si., Ph.D., Psikolog

2024 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi

Atensi dapat diarahkan pada stimulus yang berada diluar diri individu maupun representasi stimulus yang berada dalam working memory. Representasi yang relevan dengan tugas akan memfasilitasi individu saat merespon tugas dan meningkatkan kinerja working memory (kongruen), sedangkan representasi informasi yang tidak relevan (inkongruen) akan menciptakan konflik hingga stroop effect sehingga memperburuk kinerja working memory. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur proses kognitif tersebut menggunakan alat Electroencephalograph dengan Event Related Potentials (ERP) pada komponen late positive complex (LPC) untuk mengukur resolusi konflik dan P300 mengukur kinerja working memory. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 17 orang dewasa normal (13 perempuan, 4 laki-laki) yang mendapatkan working memory stroop task dengan kondisi kongruen dan inkongruen berjumlah 250 percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan amplitudo late positive complex (LPC) dijendela waktu 1000-1600ms pada kondisi inkongruen dan amplitudo P300 yang turut meningkat di kondisi kongruen di jendela waktu 200-450ms. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa konflik akan mengganggu proses kognitif lainnya sehingga terjadi peningkatan tuntutan atensi selektif bersamaan dengan melakukan proses retrieval di working memory dapat meningkatkan beban kerja working memory sehingga mengacaukan perilaku individu. 

Attention can be directed to stimuli that are outside the individual as well as stimulus representations that are in working memory. Task-relevant representations will facilitate individuals when responding to tasks and improve working memory performance (congruent), while the representation of irrelevant information (incongruent) will create conflicts until the stroop effect worsens working memory performance. The purpose of this study is to measure these cognitive processes using Electroencephalograph tools with Event Related Potentials (ERP) on the late positive complex (LPC) component to measure conflict resolution and P300 measuring working memory performance . Participants in this study amounted to 17 normal adults (13 women, 4 men) who got a working memory stroop task with congruent and incongruent conditions totaling 250 trials. The results showed an increase in the amplitude of the late positive complex (LPC) in the 1000-1600ms time window in the incongruent condition and the P300 amplitude which also increased in the congruent condition in the 200-450ms time window. This study proves that conflict will interfere with other cognitive processes so that there is an increase in selective attentional demands along with performing the retrieval process in working memory can increase the working memory workload so as to disrupt individual behavior. 

Kata Kunci : working memory, stroop effect, attention, event related potential,