Resiliensi Petani dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim di Desa Karangrejek, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul

Isna Maulida Ahmad, Prof. Dr. Bambang Hudayana, M.A.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Antropologi

Perubahan iklim telah menimbulkan persoalan bagi produksi dan produktivitas pertanian. Kemarau panjang dapat menyebabkan gagal panen, sehingga berdampak pada kerentanan rumah tangga petani. Terlebih petani yang berada di lahan kering dengan akses sumber daya air terbatas semakin rentan terdampak perubahan iklim. Meski demikian, Dusun Blimbing yang ada di lahan kering Gunungkidul mampu mempertahankan usaha pertaniannya dengan menunjukkan keberhasilan panen di saat banyak daerah lain mengalami kekeringan. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis resiliensi petani di Dusun Blimbing dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim. Resiliensi ditinjau dari kemampuan beradaptasi dalam  perspektif  antropologi ekologi. Data penelitian  bersumber dari metode etnografi melalui studi kepustakaan, observasi partisipasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Observasi partisipan dilakukan dengan cara live-in dan mengikuti rangkaian kegiatan pertanian, sedangkan wawancara mendalam ditujukan kepada informan kunci dan petani secara umum. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan kurang lebih selama tiga bulan mulai Maret-Mei 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme adaptasi petani Dusun Blimbing dilakukan dengan cara mengubah akses teknologi-lingkungan pada sumber air. Perubahan teknologi telah memutakhirkan pengetahuan petani tentang cuaca. Pengelolaan air membutuhkan organisasi yang dijalankan dengan nilai srawung untuk melakukan pengaturan kolektif. Implikasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa resiliensi petani terhadap perbuhan iklim memerlukan ketangguhan dari dalam untuk mampu mempertahankan produksinya. Petani mampu bermanuver dalam merespons perubahan iklim. Tidak hanya mengandalkan perubahan cara bertani, tetapi juga mengoptimalkan pengetahuan, teknologi, dan peran organisasi sosial.

Climate change has created challenges for agricultural production and productivity. Extended droughts can lead to crop failures, impacting the vulnerability of farming households. Farmers in dryland areas with limited access to water resources are especially susceptible to the effects of climate change. However, Dusun Blimbing, located in the dryland of Gunungkidul, has been able to sustain its agricultural practices, showing successful harvests while many other areas suffer from drought. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the resilience of farmers in Dusun Blimbing in facing climate change. Resilience is assessed through the adaptive capabilities in an ecological anthropology perspective. The research data was gathered using ethnographic methods through literature review, participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Participant observation was conducted through live-in experiences and participation in agricultural activities, while in-depth interviews were carried out with key informants and farmers in general. Fieldwork was conducted for approximately three months from March to May 2024. The research findings indicate that the adaptive mechanisms of farmers in Dusun Blimbing involve adjusting technological and environmental access to water sources. Technological changes have updated farmers' knowledge of weather patterns. Water management requires organization based on the value of srawung (community engagement) to facilitate collective regulation. The implications of this research suggest that farmers' resilience to climate change requires internal strength to sustain production. Farmers are able to maneuver in response to climate change, not only by modifying farming methods but also by optimizing knowledge, technology, and the role of social organizations

Kata Kunci : Resiliensi, petani, kapasitas adaptif, organisasi tani, perubahan iklim