GAMBARAN KLINIS, HEMATOLOGIS DAN PATOLOGIS PENYAKIT FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA
Fatah Nugroho, Prof. Dr. drh. Soedarmanto Indarjulianto, drh. Sitarina Widyarini, M.P., Ph.D.
2024 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner
Feline panleukopenia (FP) merupakan penyakit sistemik yang banyak menyerang kucing dan berdampak serius pada multiorgan. Korelasi gambaran klinis, hematologis, dan patologis belum dapat dijelaskan sepenuhnya untuk memberikan simpulan tingkat keparahan dan prognosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji keterkaitan antara gambaran gejala klinis dan hematologis yang dikaitkan dengan perubahan patologis penyakit FP untuk menjelaskan perjalanan penyakit. Sebanyak 15 ekor kucing memenuhi kriteria sampel dan dikonfirmasi FP dengan PCR. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap gambaran klinis: suhu, pulsus, nafas, nafsu makan, riwayat muntah, dan diare, serta hematologis: total leukosit dan status anemia yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Sampel organ limpa, usus, jantung dan paru diambil dari kucing yang mati dan dinekropsi untuk pemeriksaan patologi. Hasil pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan kucing mengalami muntah (66,7%), diare (73,3%), lethargi (73,3%), dehidrasi (86,7%), demam (60%), hipotermia (20%). Beberapa juga mengalami gejala pilek (20%) dan terinfestasi parasit (40%). Profil hematologis yang abnormal diantaranya leukopenia (73,3%), leukositosis (6,7%), dan anemia (33,3%). Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak ada korelasi bermakna (p?0,05) antara gambaran klinis, hematologis, sementara hasil akhir (outcome) kasus berkorelasi signifikan (p?0,05) dengan jumlah leukosit. Pemeriksaan patologi organ menunjukkan lesi khas pada organ usus dan limpa, serta terdapat lesi jantung dan paru-paru yang diduga disebabkan faktor sekunder. Disimpulkan bahwa gambaran klinis FP tidak selalu berkorelasi dengan perubahan hematologis bergantung pada imunitas individu dan fase penyakit, sementara gambaran patologis terjadi pada kasus FP patognomonik pada organ usus dan limpa, serta dapat disertai perubahan pada organ lain karena faktor sekunder yang juga mempengaruhi variasi gejala klinis dan hematologis.
Feline panleukopenia (FP) is a systemic disease affecting cats with serious impacts on multiple organs. The correlation between clinical, hematological, and pathological features has not been fully explained to conclude the severity and prognosis. This study aims to examine the relationship between clinical and hematological symptoms associated with pathological changes to explain the course of FP. A total of 15 cats were included based on PCR. Observations were made on clinical features: temperature, pulse, breath, appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, and hematological profile: total leukocytes and anemia status, which were then analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Samples of the spleen, intestines, heart and lungs were dissected for pathological examinations. The cats showed vomiting (66.7%), diarrhea (73.3%), lethargy (73.3%), dehydration (86.7%), fever (60%), and hypothermia (20%). Some also experienced cold symptoms (20%) and parasite infestation (40%). Abnormal hematological profiles included leukopenia (73.3%), leukocytosis (6.7%), and anemia (33.3%). Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation (p?0.05) between clinical and hematological parameters, while the outcome was significantly correlated (p?0.05) with the leukocytes. Pathological examination showed typical lesions in the intestines and spleen, and there were heart and lung lesions that might be caused by secondary factors. It was concluded that the clinical signs of FP do not always correlate with hematological changes depending on individual immunity and disease phase, while pathognomonic lesions of FP cases in the intestines and spleen could be followed by other organ alterations due to secondary factors that also affect variations in clinical and hematological symptoms.
Kata Kunci : feline panleukopenia, klinis, hematologis, patologis
