Kajian tingkat kemampuan swadaya pangan (beras) daerah perdesaan di propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Lucia Wening Trisnowati, Drs. Su Ritohardoyo, M.A.; Lutfi Muta'ali, S.Si., M.T.

2005 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian dan analisa terhadap tingkat kemampuan swadaya pangan khususnya beras di daerah perdesaan Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan tidak hanya sebaran keruangan kemampuan swadaya pangan yang dapat diketahui, tetapi sekaligus dapat diidentifikasi hubungan antar faktor dan determinan regional penentu variasi keruangannya, serta penentuan prioritas pengembangan. Penelitian dilakukan di seluruh desa se-Propinsi DIY, kecuali Kotamadya Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan 4 Kabupaten di Propinsi DIY dengan menggunakan unit analisis ruang desa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode analisis data sekunder. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik. Data dan variabel penelitian terdiri dari tiga bagian, yaitu : kemampuan produksi pangan beras, keseimbangan produksi dan kebutuhan (konsumsi), kemampuan daya beli pangan, dan kemudahan distribusi pangan. Sumber data utama diperoleh dari data Potensi Desa Tahun 2000 dan Statistik Tahun 2002. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik kuantitatif atau statistik berupa statistik deskriptif, analisis varian (ANOVA) dan korelasi Spearman. Selain itu untuk menganalisis spasial digunakan teknik peinetaan dan sistem informasi geografis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan swadaya pangan yang berupa produksi, daya beli, dan distribusi desa-desa di Propinsi DIY mengelompok atau terkluster menjadi dua, yaitu desa-desa di daerah lereng Merapi di Kabupaten Bantul dan Sleman, serta sebagian dataran di Kabupaten Kulonprogo memiliki tingkat kemampuan swadaya pangan (beras) yang tinggi. Sebaliknya desa-desa di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul dan sebagian desa di Kabupaten KulonProgo yang di perbukitan memiliki tingkat kerawanan pangan yang relatif lebih tinggi. Kemampuan swadaya dipengaruhi oleh faktor produksi (produktivitas lahan) dan konsumsi (jumIah kebutuhan pangan). Distribusi keruangan kemampuan swadaya pangan berbeda secara signifikan antara desa urban dan desa rural, antara desa di daerah dataran dan perbukitan, serta antara desa-desa di Kabupaten GunungKidul dengan desa di Kabupaten Sleman, Bantul, dan sebagian Kabupaten KulonProgo. Secara umum kemampuan produksi pangan berhubungan erat (positip) dengan kemudahan distribusi pangan, namun berhubungan negatif dengan kemampuan daya beli masyarakat (rawan daya beli). Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan tentang perlunya penekanan (prioritas) dan redistribusi pembangunan sektor pangan yang lebih merata ke seluruh wilayah, terutama desa-desa yang digolongkan desa rawan pangan, yaitu desa-desa di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul dan sebagian KulonProgo, khususnya di daerah perbukitan yang relatif jauh dari pusat perkembangan. Selain itu perlu pembentukan sistem perwilayahan pangan dan komoditas pangan andalan yang tidak hanya berfungsi untuk mengatasi kerawanan pangan, tetapi juga terkait dengan dinamika perkembangan vvilayah, sistem keruangan, dan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat.

The Goal of this research is to estimate the value of the food (rice) self¬supporting degree at village's area among province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Through this research, not only the spatial (area) of the food (rice) self-supporting degree is being examined, but also the relationship among several factors and the regional aspects — which is important for its spatial variations — is being identified. The determining of development priority could also be determined. The research is being performed in all villages at the province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta and using the rural spatial analyze. The research is executed with secondary data analisis method. It has the analisis description characteristic. The datas and variables consist of three parts, which are : The ability of rice production, the balance of supply and demand (production and consumption), people's buying power and the infrastructure of food distribution. The main data resources are `Potensi Desa' Data 2000 and Statistics concerning related topics — 2002. The result of the research are analized by means of quantitative technique or descriptive statistic, variant analyze (Anova) and Spearman correlation. In addition to this, cartography and Geographic Information System are used for spatial analysis. The result of this research shows that the food (rice) self-supporting degree (production, people's food buying power and the infrastructure of food distribution) at village's area among province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta clustered into two groups. The first group is village's area across the Merapi slope (Bantul, Sleman) and several flat areas of Kulonprogo. This grouphas high food (rice) self-supporting degree. The second group, on the contrary, has quite unsafe/low food (rice) self-supporting degree. Counted to this group are areas in GunungKidul and the rest of Kulonprogo area, which located across the mountain range. The food (rice) self-supporting degree is influenced by production factors (land productivity) and consumption (amount of food's need). The area distribution of the food (rice) self-supporting degree are significantly different between urban area and rural area/village, between villages among the hill/mountain and the lower villages (flat area), between villages at Gunungkidul and villages at Sleman, Bantul and several of Kulonprogo. Generally, the ability of food production is related very close to the simplicity of food distribution, but is scarcely related (negative relationship) to the people's food buying power. This result recommended the necessity of stressing (priority placing) and the necessity of equalizing (smoothing) the food distribution to all covered areas/villages across Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, especially to area or villages, which has unsafe/low food (rice) self-supporting degree (villages in Gunungkidul and several villages in Kulonprogo, located quite far from distribution center). In addition to this solution„ it is also recommended that a food's zone system and a food commodity system are designed, not only to overcome the unsafe food (rice) self-supporting degree, but also to syncronize with the area's development dynamics, distric planning, and the inhabitan's social — economy condition.

Kata Kunci : Swadaya pangan beras,DIY