Pengembangan Active Coating Berbasis Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), Kitosan, dan Titanium Dioksida (TiO2) untuk Mempertahankan Kualitas Buah Pisang (Musa acuminata) selama Penyimpanan

KURNIA SARI, Dr. Fahrizal Yusuf Affandi, S.T.P., M.Sc.

2024 | Tugas Akhir | D4 Pengembangan Produk Agroindustri

Pisang merupakan buah klimaterik yang masih mengalami proses pematangan setelah dipanen. Buah klimaterik menunjukkan lonjakan laju respirasi dan peningkatan produksi etilena setelah dipanen yang menyebabkan kematangan serta kerusakan buah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengembangkan active coating berbasis hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC),  kitosan, dan Titanium dioksida (TiO2) dalam mempertahankan kualitas buah pisang selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu karakterisasi material coating menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor perbandingan HPMC dan kitosan (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, dan 0:100). Formulasi terbaik digunakan pada tahap 2. Pada penelitian tahap 2 dilakukan karakterisasi material coating dengan penambahan TiO2 dan aplikasi pada buah pisang dengan 2 faktor, yaitu konsentasi TiO2 dari total padatan (0?n 1%) dengan dan tanpa penyinaran UV-A (366 nm, 1 jam), kemudian disimpan pada suhu ruang (± 20 oC) selama 14 hari.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi proporsi kitosan yang digunakan pada film HPMC dan kitosan, maka viskositas, ketebalan, dan hidrofobisitas film semakin tinggi, sedangkan permeabilitas uap airnya semakin rendah. Penambahan 1% TiO2 dari total padatan tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketebalan dan permeabilitas uap airnya, tapi dapat menurunkan hidrofobisitas film. Penggunaan coating berbasis HPMC dan kitosan dengan proporsi 25 : 75 mampu menurunkan laju respirasi, perubahan warna, susut bobot, perubahan tekstur kulit pisang, dan kenaikan TPT ( P < 0>

Bananas are climacteric fruits that continue the ripening process after harvest. Climacteric fruits show a significantly increased respiration rate and ethylene production after harvesting which causes ripening and senescence of fruits. This research aimed to develop active coatings based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and chitosan by incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) to maintain the quality of bananas during storage. The research was conducted in two stages, that is characterization of the coating material using a completely randomized design (CRD). The factor used was proportions of HPMC and chitosan (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). The best formulation was used in stage 2. The stage was conducted to characterize the coating material with the addition of TiO2 and application on banana fruit with 2 factors, that is TiO2 concentration of total solids (0% and 1%) with and without UV-A irradiation (366 nm) for one hour, then stored at room temperature (± 20 oC) for 14 days. 

Results of this research showed that increation in chitosan proportion can increase viscosity, thickness, hydrophobicity, and also reduce WVTR. The addition of 1% TiO2 (dry basis) did not significantly affect the thickness and WVTR but reduced the hydrophobicity of the film. Application of coating HPMC and chitosan (25 : 75) significantly reduced the respiration rate, color change, weight loss, and texture change of peel, but did not significantly affect pulp firmness, and total soluble solid (TSS). The addition of 1% TiO2 to the coating reduced the respiration rate in its climacteric phase. 1% TiO2 on coating with UV-A (366 nm, 1 hour) irradiation did not significantly delay the ripening process. Coating HPMC and chitosan maintain the quality of  bananas during storage. 

Keywords: active coating, banana, chitosan, HPMC, TiO2 

Kata Kunci : active coating, HPMC, kitosan, pisang, TiO2