Identifikasi dan Karakterisasi Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus dan Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pada Kasus Klinis Anjing dan Kucing di Yogyakarta

Ghias Ghifari Al Hadz, Prof. Dr. drh. Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia

2024 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) merupakan bakteri yang resisten terhadap berbagai macam antibiotik. Hewan kesayangan seperti anjing dan kucing saat ini telah dilaporkan terinfeksi MRSA dan juga Methichilin- Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) yang memiliki karakter mirip MRSA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan isolasi, karakterisasi fenotipik, genotipik, dan pengujian resistensi terhadap berbagai antibiotika terhadap isolat dari sampel kasus klinis anjing dan kucing di Yogyakarta. Sampel diambil dari anjing dan kucing yang menunjukkan gejala klinis infeksi bakterial. Sampel dilakukan identifikasi melalui uji biokimia, deteksi methicillin resistant dengan media Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agarbase (ORSAB), serta uji sensitivitas antibiotik dengan metode disk diffusion Kierby-bauer. Deteksi molekuler dilakukan dengan mendeteksi gen spesies spesifik 23S rRNA, gen nuc dengan polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gen pta dengan PCR- retriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), dan gen penyandi resistensi gen mecA. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif.  Hasil penelitian diperoleh data dari 11 (sebelas) sampel yang diperoleh dari swab nasal, perineal-vulva, kulit, dan telinga anjing dan kucing terisolasi dan teridentifikasi 6 (enam) S. aureus dan  5 (lima) S. pseudintermedius berdasar uji fenotipik dan genotipik terhadap gen spesies spesifik. Skrining methicillin resistant dengan ORSAB diketahui semua isolat S. aureus dan S. pseudintermedius 100%  terindikasi resisten terhadap methicillin. Uji resistensi terhadap 5 macam antibiotika didapatkan 100% isolat masih sensitif terhadap ciprofloxacin, 36% isolat resisten terhadap tetracyclin, 27% isolat resisten terhadap cefoxitin, 9% isolat resisten terhadap oxacillin dan eritromycin. Hasil deteksi gen mecA yang bertanggung jawab terhadap resistensi methicillin menunjukkan bahwa 81,81% telah resisten terhadap methicillin, dengan perincian S. aureus (100%) dan S. pseudintermedius (60%). Berdasar analisis uji antibiogram, ORSAB, dan gen mecA dapat disimpulkan terdapat 1 (satu) isolat termasuk multidrug-resistant, 3 (tiga) isolat termasuk strain MRSP, dan 6 (enam) isolat termasuk strain MRSA. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan tingginya strain methicillin resistant pada hewan kesayangan yang berpotensi menyebar ke hewan lain yang bersifat zoonosis.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacteria resistant to various antibiotics. Pets such as dogs and cats have been reported to be infected with MRSA and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), which has similar characteristics to MRSA. This research aimed to carry out isolation, phenotypic, genotypic characterization, and resistance testing to various antibiotics on isolates from samples of clinical cases of dogs and cats in Yogyakarta.  Samples from dogs and cats showed clinical symptoms of bacterial infection. Isolates were carried out through biochemical tests, antibiotic sensitivity tests, and methicillin resistance detection using Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agarbase (ORSAB) media. Detection of 23S rRNA, nuc, and mecA gene with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the pta gene with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study obtained data from 11 (eleven) samples obtained from nasal, perineal-vulva, skin, and ear swabs of dogs and cats isolated and identified 6 (six) S. aureus and 5 (five) S. pseudintermedius based on phenotypic and genotypic tests against species-specific genes. Methicillin-resistant screening with ORSAB showed that all S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates were 100% indicated to be resistant to methicillin. Resistance tests against 5 types of antibiotics showed that 100% of isolates were still sensitive to ciprofloxacin, 36% of isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 27% of isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, 9% of isolates were resistant to oxacillin and erythromycin. The results of the detection of the mecA gene responsible for methicillin resistance showed that 81.81% were resistant to methicillin, with details of S. aureus (100%) and S. pseudintermedius (60%) based on the analysis of the antibiogram test, ORSAB, and mecA gene, it can be concluded that there is 1 (one) isolate including multidrug-resistant, 3 (three) isolates including the MRSP strain, and 6 (six) isolates including the MRSA strain. The results of this study indicate the high methicillin-resistant strain in pets that have the potential to spread to other animals that are zoonotic.

Kata Kunci : MRSA, MRSP, multidrug resistant, antibiotika, infeksi nosokomial, anjing, kucing