Sensitivitas Colletotrichum spp. Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa dan Mati Pucuk pada Mangga Terhadap Azoxystrobin dan Difenokonazol Secara In Vitro

MA'RUF AGUNG DWISAPUTRA, Ani Widiastuti, S.P., M.P., Ph.D.

2024 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Jamur Colletotrichum spp. merupakan penyebab penyakit antraknosa dan mati pucuk pada tanaman mangga yang menyebabkan kehilangan hasil. Salah satu pengendalian yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan fungisida berbahan aktif azoxystrobin dan difenokonazol. Namun terdapat laporan bahwa Colletotrichum spp. resisten terhadap kedua bahan aktif azoxystrobin dan difenokonazol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui sensitivitas Colletotrichum spp. penyebab penyakit antraknosa dan mati pucuk terhadap fungisida berbahan aktif azoxystrobin dan difenokonazol secara in vitro. Pengujian sensitivitas Colletotrichum spp. terhadap fungisida dilakukan dengan metode food poisoned technique berdasarkan penghambatan miselium dan perkecambahan spora. Pengujian dilakukan pada isolat C. asianum asal (buah), C. asianum asal (ranting), dan C. cairnsense asal (ranting) dengan perlakuan konsentrasi 0×; 0,1×; 0,25×; 0,5×; 1×; 2×; dan 4× dari konsentrasi anjuran dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Data dianalisis untuk mendapatkan nilai EC 95. Isolat C. asianum (buah) sensitif terhadap bahan aktif (azoxystrobin+difenikonazol) pada indikator penghambatan miselium dan perkecambahan spora, namun pada bahan aktif difenokonazol hanya sensitif pada indikator penghambatan miselium. Isolat C. asianum (ranting) sensitif terhadap bahan aktif (azoxystrobin+difenikonazol) dan difenokonazol pada indikator penghambatan miselium. Sedangkan isolat C. carinsense (ranting) sensitif terhadap bahan aktif difenokonazol pada indikator pengujian penghambatan miselium. 

Colletotrichum spp. are pathogens causing anthracnose and dieback disease in mango plants which contributed the yield loss. One of the controls used is fungicides application containing the active ingredients of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole. However, there were some reports stated that Colletotrichum spp. were resistant to both active ingredients of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole. The aim of this research was to determine the sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose and dieback against fungicides containing both the active ingredients in vitro. Sensitivity testing of Colletotrichum spp. fungicides were carried out using the food poisoning technique based on inhibiting mycelium and spore germination. Tests were carried out on isolates of C. asianum origin (fruit), C. asianum origin (twigs), and C. Cairnsense origin (twigs) with a concentration treatment of 0×; 0.1×; 0.25×; 0.5×; 1×; 2×; and 4× the recommended concentration with each treatment repeated 4 times. The data were analyzed to obtain an EC value of 95. The C. asianum isolate (fruit) was sensitive to the active ingredient (azoxystrobin+difeniconazole) in the mycelium inhibition and spore germination indicators, but the active ingredient difenoconazole was only sensitive to the mycelium inhibition indicator. C. asianum isolates (twigs) were sensitive to the active ingredients (azoxystrobin+difeniconazole) and difenoconazole on mycelium inhibition indicators. Meanwhile, the C. carinsense (twig) isolate was sensitive to the active ingredient difenoconazole in the mycelium inhibition test indicator.

Kata Kunci : azoxystrobin, difenokonazol, food poisoned technique, EC 95