Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Variasi Posisi Phase Change Material Larutan Eutektik Garam Potassium Chloride (KCl) – Air (H2O) terhadap Karakteristik Penyimpanan Thermal Cold Storage Box
YUWONO YULI ASTUTI, Dr. Ir. Hifni Mukhtar Ariyadi, S.T., M.Sc., IPM
2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK MESIN
Vegetables and fruits are highly susceptible to losses during distribution due to their limited resistance to bacterial contamination. To mitigate this issue, a low-temperature cold distribution chain is essential. However, this method requires a significant amount of energy from vehicle engines. To reduce energy consumption, Phase Change Material (PCM) can be used for product cooling. Water is commonly used as a PCM due to its thermal stability, but it is not effective for cooling temperatures below 0°C.
Based on colligative properties, the freezing point of water decreases when solutes are added. In this study, potassium chloride (KCl) was selected as an additive, with a concentration of 10% by weight, to create a 10% wt. KCl-H2O eutectic solution capable of lowering the melting point. This solution has a freezing point of -4.496°C and a eutectic temperature of -11.329°C. To optimize the cooling effect, variations in the positioning of the PCM packs were tested to achieve an even temperature distribution, which would extend the storage time at the target temperature. Six variations in PCM pack positioning were experimented with. The most optimal configuration was then selected for further testing, which included combining PCM with water in five different combinations.
The results identified Variation 6, with three packs positioned along each long side (top row) and one pack along each short side (top row), as the most effective layout for maintaining the target temperature range of -2°C to 5°C. This configuration maintained the target temperature for 436.52 minutes at ¾ box height, 470.38 minutes at ½ box height, and 469.27 minutes at ¼ box height. Across all three thermocouples, the average time was 422.07 minutes. The corresponding heat loads absorbed were 288.92 kJ, 304.33 kJ, and 303.60 kJ for the ¾, ½, and ¼ box heights, respectively. The total heat load absorbed by Variation 6, considering all three thermocouples, was 278.21 kJ. Variation 6 demonstrated an average total heat transfer rate of 8.029 W. In the combination variation test, Variation 6, with eight PCM packs, outperformed other combinations in terms of maintaining the target temperature for the longest duration and absorbing the largest heat load.
Kata Kunci : PCM, KCl, Variasi, Kombinasi, Cold Storage, Temperatur, Beban Panas, Laju Perpindahan Kalor