Analisis Pengaruh Jarak Pengamatan Base Station pada Pemotretan UAV Metode PPK Terhadap Ketelitian Horizontal Ortofoto untuk Mendukung Kegiatan PTSL
AFFERO SULTHAN ABYAN, Ir. Ruli Andaru, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D.
2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK GEODESI
UAV-based photogrammetry technology is increasingly adopted to meet spatial information needs as a fundamental mapping resource. One such application is the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL), which requires orthoimages as baseline data for developing Land Base Maps (PDP). The orthoimages used for PDP must comply with the requirements and specifications outlined in the Technical Guidelines for PTSL 2024, specifically a horizontal accuracy of CE90 ? 0.4 m and GSD ? 0.12 m. One strategy to enhance data acquisition effectiveness involves employing GNSS-assisted Aerial Triangulation (AT) to achieve accurate positioning values (X, Y, and Z) through Post-Processed Kinematic (PPK) processing. The GNSS-assisted AT method allows for triangulation without needing Ground Control Points (GCP). Several components, including the observation distance from the UAV PPK base station influence PPK accuracy. Multipath, signal interference, and atmospheric conditions can affect measurement outcomes. Therefore, careful data acquisition planning is essential to meet the requirements and specifications of PTSL 2024 while optimizing time and cost. This study aims to analyze the impact of varying observation distances from the UAV PPK base station on orthoimage accuracy to support PTSL activities without involving GCP.
The research was conducted in the Trimulyo Village area, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, covering 250 hectares. The DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise drone was the aerial platform, and the Sokkia GRX 3 GPS was the PPK base station. Aerial photography data acquisition was performed simultaneously at varying distances from the base station to the rover, specifically 0 km, 3 km, 5 km, and 10 km. These distance variations were determined based on the UAV telemetry range, which typically falls within these ranges. Four base station points were established at different locations to achieve these distances. GPS observations as a base station were conducted with a sampling rate configuration of 2 Hz. PPK processing for geotagging aerial images was carried out using REDtoolbox software. The AT process and orthoimage generation were performed using Structure from Motion (SfM) – Multi-View Stereo (MVS) techniques in Agisoft Metashape Pro software. Accuracy testing was conducted by evaluating the precision of the AT against 12 test points or Independent Check Points (ICP). Additionally, an analysis of camera location accuracy derived from the geotagged coordinates processed through PPK was performed against the EOP values obtained from the AT.
The accuracy test results indicated that baseline distance affects the accuracy of the geotagged photo coordinates in camera space, which in turn impacts the positional accuracy in ground space. Base stations located 0 km and 3 km from the Area of Interest (AOI) met the requirements and specifications of the PTSL 2024 guidelines without GCP, achieving horizontal accuracies (CE90) of 0.13 m and 0.28 m, respectively. However, the horizontal accuracy (CE90) at base stations 5 km and 10 km away was 0.59 m and 0.76 m, respectively, failing to meet the PTSL 2024 requirements. The accuracy evaluation using 12 ICP revealed that the optimal distance of the base station from the AOI should be at most 3 km to comply with the PTSL 2024 guidelines without GCP. These accuracy results may vary if different PPK module specifications are utilized.
Kata Kunci : Ortofoto, UAV, Post-Processed Kinematic (PPK), Jarak Base station, Akurasi Horizontal