Hubungan Keberagaman Pangan dan Kebiasaan Makan dengan Status Gizi Siswi Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 1 Juwiring

SAZHABILLA RIZKY FAUZI, Dr.rer.nat dr. BJ Istiti Kandarina; Rahadyana Muslichah, S.Gz., M.Sc

2024 | Skripsi | GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang : Remaja merupakan periode transformasi dari anak-anak ke dewasa yang menyebabkan peningkatan kebutuhan gizi. Sehingga, remaja rentan mengalami permasalahan gizi seperti gizi kurang, gizi lebih, dan kekurangan energi kronis pada remaja putri. Keberagaman pangan berhubungan dengan ketersediaan pangan rumah tangga, sehingga dapat berpengaruh terhadap status gizi. Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi status gizi adalah kebiasaan makan. Kebiasaan makan yang buruk dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko masalah kesehatan

Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara keberagaman pangan dan kebiasaan makan dengan asupan gizi remaja putri dan hubungan antara asupan gizi dengan status gizi berdasarkan indikator IMT/U dan LLA

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Subjek diambil menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling berjumlah 101 orang. Data diperoleh melalui food record 2 xl 24 jam. Skor keberagaman pangan menggunakan pedoman Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women, kebiasaan makan menggunakan kuesioner Adolescent Food Habits Checklist, dan pengukuran antropometri berupa berat badan, tinggi badan, dan lingkar lengan atas. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Spearman rank. 

Hasil : Semakin besar skor kebiasaan makan diikuti dengan peningkatan kecukupan energi, protein, dan lemak. Keberagaman pangan yang tinggi diikuti dengan kecukupan energi dan zat gizi makro. Kemudian, kecukupan zat gizi tersebut diikuti dengan peningkatan nilai z-score IMT/U dan lingkar lengan atas.

Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keberagaman pangan dan kebiasaan makan terhadap asupan gizi dan terdapat hubungan antara asupan gizi dengan status gizi dan risiko kekurangan energi kronis pada remaja putri. 

Kata Kunci : Keberagaman Pangan, Kebiasaan Makan, Asupan Gizi, Status Gizi, Kekurangan Energi Kronis, Remaja Putri

Background : Adolescence is a period of transformation from childhood to adulthood, which increases nutritional needs. Therefore, adolescents are vulnerable to nutritional problems such as undernutrition, overnutrition, and chronic energy deficiency, particularly in adolescent girls. Dietary diversity is related to household food availability, which can influence nutritional status. Another factor affecting nutritional status is eating habits. Poor eating habits can increase the risk of health problems.

Objective : This study aims to determine the relationship between dietary diversity and eating habits with nutrient intake in adolescent girls, as well as the relationship between nutrient intake and nutritional status based on BMI-for-age and MUAC (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference) indicators.

Method : This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were selected using cluster random sampling, totaling 101 participants. Data were collected through a 24-hour food recall and a 2x24-hour food record. The dietary diversity score was assessed using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women guidelines, eating habits were measured using the Adolescent Food Habits Checklist questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements included body weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference. The statistical test used was the Spearman rank test.

Result : A higher eating habit score is followed by an increase in energy, protein, and fat adequacy. High dietary diversity is followed by adequate energy and macronutrient intake. Then, the adequacy of these nutrients is followed by an increase in BMI-for-age z-scores and upper arm circumference.

Conclusion : There was a significant relationship between dietary diversity and eating habits with nutrient intake, and there was a relationship between nutrient intake and nutritional status and the risk of chronic energy deficiency in adolescent girls.

Keywords : Dietary Diversity, Eating Habits,  Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, Chronic Energy Deficiency, Adolescent Girl.

Kata Kunci : Keberagaman Pangan, Kebiasaan Makan, Status Gizi, Kekurangan Energi Kronis, Remaja Putri