Pengaruh Peneresan dan Letak Aksial Terhadap Sifat Fisika dan Mekanika Kayu Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) dari Hutan Rakyat Kabupaten Purworejo

Dwi Bagus Panuntun, Ir. Widyanto Dwi Nugroho, S.Hut., M.Agr., Ph.D., IPM.

2024 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Munculnya pecah ujung log saat penebangan menjadi kelemahan yang sering ditemui pada kayu sengon. Salah satu cara yang dikenal dalam mengurangi pecah ujung log adalah proses peneresan. Pengaruh peneresan dan letak aksial pada pohon sengon belum banyak diteliti mengenai sifat fisika dan mekanika kayunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi pengaruh peneresan dan letak aksial terhadap sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu sengon.

Sampel penelitian diperoleh dari 6 pohon sengon dengan umur 7 tahun yang ditanam di Hutan Rakyat Kecamatan Kemiri, Kabupaten Purworejo. Rancangan penelitian berupa acak lengkap. Faktor yang digunakan ada dua yaitu peneresan (tidak diteres dan teresan) dan kedudukan aksial (pangkal, tengah, dan ujung). Pengujian sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu dilakukan sesuai British Standard 373:1957.

Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara pengaruh peneresan dan letak aksial terhadap sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu sengon. Peneresan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air segar, kadar air kering udara, penyusutan kondisi segar ke kering udara arah longitudinal, penyusutan kondisi segar ke kering tanur arah tangensial, dan keteguhan lengkung statis pada modulus elastisitas. Kedudukan aksial berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air kering udara, penyusutan kondisi segar ke kering udara arah tangensial, dan penyusutan kondisi segar ke kering tanur arah tangensial. Berdasarkan perlakuan peneresan, pohon tidak diteres memiliki sifat fisika dan mekanika yang terbaik. Pada kedudukan aksial kayu di bagian pangkal memiliki sifat fisika dan mekanika yang terbaik.

The appearance of log end splits during felling is a weakness often encountered in sengon wood. One of the known ways to reduce log tip splitting is the process of girdling. The effect of girdling and axial position on sengon trees has not been widely studied regarding the physical and mechanical properties of wood. This study aims to determine the interaction of the effect of the girdling and axial position on the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood.

Research samples were obtained from 6 sengon trees with 7 years of age planted in the Community Forest of Kemiri District, Purworejo Regency. The research design was completely randomized. There were two factors used, i.e., girdling (ungirdled and girdled) and axial position (base, middle, and top). Testing of physical and mechanical properties of wood was carried out according to British Standard 373:1957.

The results of the analysis showed that there was no interaction between girdling and axial location on the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood. Girdling treatment significantly influenced the fresh moisture content, air dry moisture content, shrinkage from fresh to air dry in the longitudinal direction, shrinkage from fresh to kiln dry in the tangential direction, and static bending strength in the elastic modulus. Axial position had a significant effect on air-dry moisture content, tangential fresh to air-dry shrinkage, and tangential fresh to kiln-dry shrinkage. Based on the girdling treatment, ungirdled trees had better physical and mechanical properties. In axial position the wood at the base has the best physical and mechanical properties.

Kata Kunci : sengon, sifat fisika, sifat mekanika, peneresan, kedudukan aksial.