Hubungan Antara Frailty Dengan Status Disfagia Pada Lansia Di Panti Werdha Budi Luhur Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta
ADINDA KHALISHA MUTHMAINNAH, Dr. drg. Bernadetta Esti C, M.Kes., M.D.Sc; Dr. drg. Dewi Agustina, M.D.Sc., M.D.Sc
2024 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN GIGI
Lansia merupakan individu yang berusia lebih dari 60
tahun dan mengalami proses degeneratif serta diikuti dengan perubahan dan
kerusakan yang memengaruhi fungsi sel dan jaringan. Seiring bertambahnya usia,
proses penuaan pada lansia menyebabkan perubahan fisiologis dan patologis yang
menimbulkan perubahan pada kondisi sistemik dan lokal. Kondisi lansia yang
mengalami perubahan tersebut berpotensi terjadinya frailty sehingga
menyebabkan kelemahan fisik dan berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan. Kelemahan
fisik dapat diikuti dengan penurunan fungsi mulut yang berkaitan dengan
kelemahan mulut. Salah satu kelemahan mulut yang menurun pada lansia yaitu
kesulitan menelan, sehingga menimbulkan kondisi disfagia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji hubungan antara frailty
dengan status disfagia pada lansia di Panti Werdha Budi Luhur Kabupaten Bantul
Yogyakarta.
Penelitian cross sectional yang
melibatkan 64 lansia berusia ? 60 tahun.
Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner. Frailty
dikaji menggunakan kuesioner modifikasi Kihon Checklist, sementara
status disfagia dengan kuesioner Ohkuma. Analisis data menggunakan uji Spearman’s
rho (two-tailed) untuk mengetahui hubungan antara frailty dengan
status disfagia.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan sebanyak 32 responden mengalami kondisi frailty. Lansia yang mengalami frailty diantaranya terdapat 25 responden mengalami disfagia. Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara frailty dengan status disfagia (p=0,028). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatnya status disfagia mengalami penurunan massa otot dan kekuatan sebagai salah satu parameter modfikasi Kihon Checklist yang berakibat pada kelemahan fisik lansia.
The elderly is
defined as individuals aged over 60 years, who are affected by degenerative
processes accompanied by changes and damage impacting cell and tissue
functions. As age increases, the aging process experienced by the elderly is
followed by physiological and pathological changes that result in alterations
to both systemic and local conditions. The changes experienced by the elderly
are potential causes of frailty, leading to physical weakness and adversely
impacting health. Physical weakness is accompanied by a decline in oral
function, which is associated with oral weakness. One form of oral weakness in
the elderly is the difficulty in swallowing, caused by a reduction in
swallowing muscle mass. This condition results in dysphagia. The aim of this
study was to examine the relationship between frailty and dysphagia status
among the elderly at Panti Werdha Budi Luhur in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta.
A cross-sectional
study was conducted, involving 64 elderly individuals aged ? 60 years. Data
collection was carried out through interviews and questionnaire completion.
Frailty was assessed using a modified Kihon Checklist questionnaire, while
dysphagia status was assessed with the Ohkuma questionnaire. Data analysis was
conducted using Spearman’s rho test (two-tailed) to determine the relationship
between frailty and dysphagia status.
It was shown by the results of the analysis that 32 respondents experienced frailty, among whom dysphagia was observed in 25 respondents. A significant relationship was identified between frailty and dysphagia status (p=0.028). This study concludes that an increase in dysphagia status is associated with a reduction in muscle mass and strength, which is one of the parameters of the modified Kihon Checklist, contributing to physical weakness in the elderly.
Kata Kunci : lansia, frailty, status disfagia
