Nanokatalis Nikel Terimpregnasi pada Zirkonia Terfosfatasi: Sintesis dan Aplikasi untuk Hidrokonversi Atmosferik Minyak Goreng Sawit menjadi Bioavtur
Aldino Javier Saviola, Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Karna Wijaya, M.Eng. ; Akhmad Syoufian, S.Si., Ph.D.
2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia
Increasing carbon dioxide gas emissions due to the high demand for the aviation industry and the depletion of fossil fuel sources are serious issues that require researchers to develop bio-jet fuel from vegetable oils to achieve carbon neutrality. In this study, nickel-impregnated phosphated zirconia (Ni/PO4–ZrO2) nano-catalysts were successfully synthesized and applied for their performance in converting used palm cooking oil into bio-jet fuel. Nickel metal impregnation was carried out by spray impregnation with varying concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5% (wt%). The nano-catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, NH3–TPD, SAA, FESEM–EDX mapping, TEM–SAED, and XPS instruments. The hydrotreatment process was carried out at 350–450 °C (fraction I) and 450–550 °C (fraction II) with a catalyst-to-feed ratio of 1:100 (w/w) and H2 gas flow rate of 20 mL/min at atmospheric pressure for 2 h. The hydrotreatment liquid products were analyzed using a GC–MS instrument to determine the selectivity and yield of bio-jet fuel.
The results showed that the nickel metal concentration of 1% (wt%) successfully produced Ni 1/PO4–ZrO2 nano-catalyst with the highest total acidity value of 0.95 mmol/g NH3 compared to other concentration variations. The Ni 1/PO4–ZrO2 nano-catalyst has more excellent total acidity, specific area, total pore volume, and Ni(0) metal content than the Ni/PO4–ZrO2 stir. In line with its character, this nano-catalyst can provide the best performance in producing bio-jet fuel from used palm cooking oil with the percentage of liquid product and bio-jet fuel yield of 60.60% (wt%) and 54.71% (wt%), respectively, with bio-jet fuel selectivity of fraction I of 92.59% at an optimum catalyst-to-feed ratio of 1:100 (w/w). The Ni/PO4–ZrO2 nano-catalyst has relatively good reusability, and after regeneration, it can produce a better liquid product and bio-jet fuel yield than the fourth use. The freezing point of fraction I and II hydrotreatment liquid products were –28.0 °C and –21.7 °C, respectively. A mixture of 2.4% (v/v) of these liquid products with commercial jet fuel resulted in fuel freezing points of –53.2 °C and –52.9 °C, respectively, which met ASTM specifications.
Kata Kunci : bioavtur, hidrokonversi atmosferik, minyak goreng sawit bekas, nikel, zirkonia terfosfatatasi