Analisis Sebaran Logam Pb, Cd, DAN Cu pada Tanah Pertanian Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens)

ANDIKA TAUFIK NUGROHO, Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Nurul Hidayaat Aprilita, M.Si.; Taufik Abdillah Natsir, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2024 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sebaran cemaran logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Cu di tanah pertanian tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari sifat fisika-kimia terhadap akumulasi logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu di tanah, mempelajari sumber logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu, serta penilaian dampak logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu bagi manusia dan ekologi.     

Penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan sampel tanah dan air, yaitu pada bulan Oktober 2023, serta pengambilan sampel tanaman pada bulan Desember 2023 saat masa panen tiba. Tanah dianalisis dengan beberapa parameter, yaitu penentuan tekstur tanah, kadar air, pH, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), karbon organik, kandungan Pb, Cd, dan Cu total, kandungan Pb, Cd, dan Cu terlarut, penentuan gugus fungsional pada tanah, serta penentuan mineral tanah. Sampel tanaman dilakukan analisis Pb, Cd, dan Cu total pada bagian akar, batang, daun, dan buah. Selain itu, juga dilakukan analisis kandungan logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu total pada air sungai dan pupuk yang digunakan oleh para petani untuk menentukan sumber Pb, Cd, dan Cu di lokasi penelitian.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi penelitian memiliki pH tanah, KTK, sedang, C-organik sedang, dan tekstur tanah didominasi clay loam sehingga logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu sedikit yang berada dalam bentuk terlarutnya. Kondisi lokasi penelitian memiliki nilai indeks beban polusi yang rendah sampai sedang dan potensi risiko ekologis tergolong sedang. Sumber pencemar Pb, Cd, dan Cu di lokasi penelitian diperkirakan berasal dari aktivitas pertanian, seperti penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang mengandung Pb, Cd, dan Cu. Kandungan logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu pada buah cabai tidak terdeteksi.

A study was conducted on analysis of Pb, Cd, and Cu metals contamination on chili pepper (Capsicum futescens) agricultural soil. The objective of this research was to investigate the physico-chemical properties associated with the accumulation of Pb, Cd, and Cu in soils, to identify the sources of Pb, Cd, and Cu, and to assess the impact of Pb, Cd, and Cu on humans and ecology.

The research began with the collection of soil and water samples in October 2023, followed by the collection of plant samples in December 2023 during the harvest season. The soil was analyzed for various parameters, including texture, moisture content, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon content, total Pb, Cd, and Cu content, soluble Pb, Cd, and Cu content, functional group analysis, and mineralogical analysis. Plant samples were analyzed for total Pb, Cd, and Cu content in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits. Additionally, the total Pb, Cd, and Cu content was analyzed in river water and fertilizers used by farmers to determine the sources of Pb, Cd, and Cu at the research location.

The results showed that the research location had neutral soil pH, moderate CEC, and moderate organic carbon content, with a clay loam texture, resulting in minimal soluble Pb, Cd, and Cu forms. The location had low to moderate pollution load indices, but moderate ecological risk potential. The sources of Pb, Cd, and Cu pollution at the research location were suspected to originate from agricultural activities, such as the use of inorganic fertilizers containing Pb, Cd, and Cu. However, Pb, Cd, and Cu contents were not detected in chili pepper fruits.

Kata Kunci : Cabai, kadmium, pupuk, tembaga, timbal