Pemungutan Logam Tanah Jarang Dari Abu Dasar Batu Bara PLTU Bali dengan Metode Pelindian Asam

AHMAD NUGROHO, Dr. Ir. Widya Rosita, S.T., M.T., IPU.; Dr.-Ing. Ir. Kusnanto

2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK NUKLIR

Abu dasar batu bara merupakan bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber alternatif logam tanah jarang (LTJ). Logam tanah jarang memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri modern termasuk pada pengembangan teknologi nuklir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi maksimum pada leaching LTJ dari abu dasar batu bara PLTU Bali dengan metode leaching asam.

Proses leaching LTJ dari abu dasar PLTU Bali dilakukan menggunakan larutan HCl. Pada proses ini, variabel proses yang digunakan divariasikan terlebih dahulu menggunakan desain eksperimen pada perangkat lunak Minitab 19. Variabel proses leaching asam yang divariasikan adalah konsentrasi larutan HCl dan suhu reaksi dengan rentang 1 hingga 3 M dan 60 hingga 85°C. Analisis kadar LTJ dilakukan menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Hasil analisis kadar LTJ digunakan untuk menentukan efisiensi maksimum leaching LTJ dan variabel proses menggunakan central composite design, Response Surface Methodology (RSM).

Kondisi maksimum proses leaching asam diperoleh pada konsentrasi larutan HCl 3,4 M dan suhu reaksi 90,17°C. Hasil percobaan leaching LTJ dari abu dasar PLTU Bali pada kondisi maksimum menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi leaching LTJ mencapai 50,33%. 

Coal bottom ash is a material that can be utilized as an alternative source of rare earth elements (REEs). Rare earth elements contribute significantly to fulfilling the needs of modern industries, including the development of nuclear technology. This study aims to determine the maximum conditions for the extraction of REEs from the coal bottom ash of the Bali Power Plant using the acid leaching method.

The extraction process of REEs from the coal bottom ash of the Bali Power Plant was conducted using an HCl solution. In this process, the variables were varied using the Design of Experiments (DOE) method in Minitab 19 software. The varied acid leaching process variables included the concentration of the HCl solution and the reaction temperature, with ranges of 1 – 3 M and 60 – 85°C, respectively. The analysis of REE content was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results of the REE content analysis were utilized to determine the maximum extraction efficiency of REEs and process variable conditions using the central composite design, Response Surface Methodology (RSM).

The maximum conditions for the acid leaching process were obtained at an HCl solution concentration of 3.4 M and a reaction temperature of 90.17°C. Experimental results of REE extraction from the coal bottom ash of the Bali Power Plant under these maximum conditions showed that the extraction efficiency of REEs reached 50.33%. 

Kata Kunci : Logam tanah jarang, abu dasar batu bara, leaching asam, HCl, RSM