Pelindungan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Kegiatan Initial Coin Offering Dan Initial Token Offering Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto Komoditi Bursa Berjangka Di Indonesia
Fajar Romy Gumilar, Prof. Dr. Paripurna P. Sugarda, S.H., M.Hum., LL.M.
2024 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HUKUM JAKARTA
The initial release of cryptocurrency coins or tokens to the marketplace is known as an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) or Initial Token Offering (ITO), which is a system for raising funds through the offering of a new type of coin/token. However, since cryptocurrency assets have been designated as commodities by BAPPEBTI (the Indonesian Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency) and are traded on Futures Exchanges, only assets that are registered and recognized by BAPPEBTI can be transacted. This situation places ICO/ITO participants at a disadvantage and potentially harms them. The purpose of this research is to analyse the legal position of ICO/ITO activities and to examine the legal protection available to ICO/ITO participants from the perspective of contract law. The research method used is normative legal research, which involves library research with a statutory approach, providing prescriptions related to the legal position and protection of ICO/ITO participants. Two conclusions are drawn from this research. First, the legal status of ICO/ITO activities in the organization of physical cryptocurrency asset markets and Futures Exchanges in Indonesia is not recognized or regulated because cryptocurrency assets are categorized as commodities subject to futures contracts that do not recognize initial offerings. However, ICO/ITO activities are not prohibited, so their legal status is based on contract law principles of freedom to contract under Article 1338 of the Civil Code and the requirements for a valid agreement under Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Second, there is preventive and repressive legal protection for ICO/ITO participants from the perspective of contract law. For Developers or Project Teams as coin/token sellers, preventive protection involves creating agreements that comply with regulations, while repressive protection involves legal action in case of violations. Investors, as buyers of coins/tokens in ICOs/ITOs, have preventive legal protection that includes transparency of information in the whitepaper and agreements, as well as education about risks. Repressive protection allows investors to seek compensation or remedies if their rights are violated.
Kata Kunci : Aset Kripto, Initial Coin Offering (ICO), Initial Token Offering (ITO), Pelindungan Hukum, Hukum Perjanjian.