Konservasi kawasan DAS Solo Hulu di atas Waduk Gadjah Mungkur :: Tinjauan yuridis tugas Pemerintah Kabupaten Wonogiri

HANDAYANI, I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi, Promotor Prof.Dr. Koesnadi Hardjasoemantri, SH.,ML

2004 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Hukum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsi pelaksanaan tugas Pemerintah Kabupaten Wonogiri dalam mengkonservasi kawasan DAS Waduk Gajah Mungkur sejak dikeluarkannya tahun 1999-2002, mengevaluasi pelaksanaan tugas Pemerintah Kabupaten Wonogiri dalam mengkonservasi kawasan DAS Waduk Gajah Mungkur, dan menemukan pengaturan yang lebih sesuai bagi pelaksanaan tugas Pemerintah Kabupaten Wonogiri dalam mengkonservasi Kawasan DAS Waduk Gajah Mungkur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum empiris dan metode survai. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa, pertama, pelaksanaan tugas Pemerintah Kabupaten Wonogiri dalam mengkonservasi kawasan DAS Waduk Gajah Mungkur Wonogiri pada Tahun 1999 sampai dengan Tahun 2002 adalah belum mencapai hasil yang diharapkan. Diketahui bahwa besar hubungan antara variabel konservasi kawasan DAS dengan pendidikan, kemiskinan, dan aspek hukum yang dihitung dengan koefisien korelasi adalah 0,428; 0,590; 0,689. Hal ini menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat erat (mendekati 1) di antara konservasi kawasan DAS dengan tingkat pendidikan, kemiskinan dan aspek hukum, kedua, evaluasi pelaksanaan tugas Pemerintah Kabupaten Wonogiri dalam mengkonservasi kawasan DAS WGM selama ini kurang baik, hal ini disebabkan karena peraturan daerah yang ada belum memadai. Artinya masih banyak pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh masyrakat namun belum diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan khususnya Perda, ketiga, pengaturan yang lebih sesuai bagi pelaksanaan tugas Pemerintah Kabupaten Wonogiri dalam mengkonservasi kawasan DAS WGM adalah pengaturan yang mendasarkan pada pendekatan ekosistem yang digunakan dan bukan pada tataran batas-batas administratif sehingga muncul kerjasama dan kerangka kerja pengelolaan fungsi lingkungan yang menyeluruh (holistik) sehingga dapat diperoleh sinergi yang besar sekaligus meminimalkan konflik.

The number of critical watershed in Indonesia increases from time to time. In 1980’s there were only 22 areas, but in 1990’s it increased into 35 areas and in 2003 it already reached into 69 areas. Almost 70% of these critical areas locate in Java island. One of the weaknesses in the integrated watershed management in Indonesia is the decreasing quality of law enforcement, especially for the regulations pertaining to water resources, spatial planning, and conservation of natural resources together with the ecosystem. Upstream Solo watershed is a prioritised area and locates strategically with a vast area receiving water from Gadjah Mungkur Dam, high population density, and increasing soil damage. Upstream Solo watershed is also crucial in the implementation of regional autonomy as it covers several regencies/cities (Wonogiri, Klaten, Kartosuro, Surakarta, Karanganyar, etc.). For the improvement of people’s living standard it is important to implement an integrated watershed development. Conflicts of interest for water allocation arise not only among water users, but also among regions along the watershed, i.e., upper stream watershed regions and down-stream watershed regions, as well as among regencies/cities within the coverage of Bengawan Solo watershed system. The conflicts result from the discrimination in the distribution of development benefits. Therefore, it needs conservation to solve the problems. The operation of environmental function management can be assigned to Regency government based on Article 13 of the UUPLH (Environmental Management Act). The assignment is also articulated in Article 11 para (2) of the UUPD (Regional Government Act) stating that the authority of regional government is carried out in an intensive and comprehensive manner, which includes planning, monitoring, controlling, and evaluating stages. Based on the above presented background, the research addressed two problems: first, how does Wonogiri Regional Government conserve upstream watershed above Gadjah Mungkur dam after the issuance of the Act No. 22/1999 on Regional Government and second, what kind of management is more appropriate for the conservation of upstream Solo watershed above Gadjah Mungkur dam. The research used an empirical, legal approach. It conducted observation and Focus Group Discussion to obtain qualitative data. Secondary data in the form of documents and results of previous researches were analysed using a descriptive and qualitative method. Primary data obtained from observation and Focus Group Discussion were analysed using a value judgement method. The research results show the following findings. First, the implementation of Wonogiri Regional Government’s duty for conservation in upstream Solo Watershed above Gadjah Mungkur Dam after the issuance of the Act No. 22/1999 is not successful. The factors that influence this failure are low level of people’s obedience to the regulation, for instance violating the rule by cultivating green belt areas which are forbidden for cultivation; ineffective participation from the local people which is expected to be able to help in the conservation by the government; inadequate regional regulation, which means that there are violations, especially in the regional regulation; no clear instruction from the government on how the Act No. 22/1999, Act No. 25/1999, the Government Regulation No. 25/2000, and the Government No. 8/2003 must be implemented in river area management, especially in river areas that intersect more than one province like Bengawan Solo watershed. Second, the present management is carried out using partial approach, while ecosystem-based approach is more appropriate for the conservation of Gadjah Mungkur Dam watershed. xxiv

Kata Kunci : Hukum,Konservasi DAS,Peran Pemerintah