Prarancangan Pabrik Asam Fosfat Food Grade dari Asam Sulfat dan Batuan Fosfat dengan Kapasitas 60.000 Ton/Tahun
VANIA ADRISTI WIDYARUKMIYANTI, Dr. Ir. Aswati Mindaryani, M.Sc., IPU
2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) or orthophosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless, water-soluble, and corrosive liquid acid compound. Generally, phosphoric acid is used to make fertilizers, detergents, or in the food processing industry as an additive to enhance a tangy or sour taste. Phosphoric acid traded on the market has several grades, for example, to make fertilizers, fertilizer grade phosphoric acid is needed with a phosphoric acid concentration ? 50%, while for food processing, food grade phosphoric acid is needed with a phosphoric acid concentration ? 85%.
This Food Grade Phosphoric Acid Plant is designed with a production capacity of 60,000 tons/year and operates continuously for 24 hours/day and 330 days/year. The raw materials used are fluorapatite phosphate rock (Ca5(PO4)3F) amounting to 139,040.3417 tons/year and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) amounting to 160,610.8680 tons/year. The production process is carried out using the hemihydrate-dihydrate (HDH) process. The first process, namely the hemihydrate process, begins with mixing phosphate rock and recycle acid in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at temperature 90°C and pressure 1 atm. The product is then flowed to the second CSTR reactor which is installed in series at a temperature 98°C and a pressure 1 atm to obtain phosphoric acid and hemihydrate gypsum products. The second process, the dihydrate process, is carried out using two (2) CSTR reactors installed in series at a temperature 60°C and a pressure 1 atm to obtain products in the form of phosphoric acid and gypsum dihydrate. Phosphoric acid will be obtained with a concentration of 40% so it is necessary to carry out a purification process. The purification process begins with the extraction of phosphoric acid using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) solvent using 3 stages counter-current mixer settler. Furthermore, the extract product will be passed to a stripper to strip MIBK and an evaporator to concentrate phosphoric acid to obtain food grade phosphoric acid with a concentration of 85%. While the raffinate product will be passed to another stripper to obtain fertilizer grade phosphoric acid with a concentration of 55%. The entire factory process will produce the main product of food grade phosphoric acid and by-products in the form of fertilizer grade phosphoric acid, gypsum, fluorosilicic acid, and silicon dioxide slurry.
This Food Grade Phosphoric Acid Factory will be established in Gresik, East Java with an area of 8.91 hectares and a total of 279 employees. Utility requirements at this factory include make-up water requirements of 1,279,941.0006 tons/year, environmental air requirements of 214,779.2059 tons/year, and electricity requirements of 0.7306 MW. This factory also provides chilled water with a requirement of 144,651.3980 tons/year.
The factory is designed to be established with fixed capital of IDR 2,140,804,358,149.12 or $138,536,578.24 and working capital of IDR 1,625,013,754,384.75 or $105,158,532.71. Based on the results of the economic analysis, the DCFRR value was obtained at 18.22% which was greatly influenced by changes in product sales prices, and slightly influenced by changes in raw materials and fixed capital. The process in this factory can be classified as low risk with a pre-tax ROI value at 31.38%; post-tax ROI at 24.48%; pre-tax POT for 2.42 years; and post-tax POT for 2.90 years. The BEP value was also obtained at 50.08% and SDP at 29.41%. Based on the results of the economic analysis, it can be concluded that this factory is interesting from an economic perspective for further study.
Kata Kunci : asam fosfat food grade, batuan fosfat, asam sulfat, hemihidrat-dihidrat