Keterkaitan antara Litologi Akuifer dengan Karakteristik Fisika dan Kimia Air Tanah di Desa Geyer, Kecamatan Geyer, Kabupaten Grobogan, Provinsi Jawa Tengah
FATIA HAFIDA ZULFAH, Dr.rer.nat. Ir. Doni Prakasa Eka Putra, S.T., M.T., IPM.;Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Ir. Heru Hendrayana, IPU.
2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK GEOLOGI
Desa Geyer merupakan daerah yang tersusun oleh Formasi
Kerek, Formasi Kalibeng, dan Anggota Klitik yang tersusun oleh sedimen
karbonatan. Litologi berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan air tanah namun juga
berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik fisika dan kimia air tanahnya. Penelitian
ini bertujuan mengetahui kondisi geologi, keberadaan air tanah, sifat
fisika-kimia air tanah, dan keterkaitan kondisi litologi dengan karakteristik
fisika dan kimia air tanahnya. Observasi lapangan geologi dan hidrogeologi
serta metode analisis XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) dan petrografi digunakan
untuk mengetahui jenis mineral pada batuan, analisis IC (Ion Chromatography),
ICP OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission
Spectrometry), dan titrasi digunakan untuk
mengetahui konsentrasi ion mayor dan minor pada air tanah. Daerah penelitian
terbagi menjadi 3 satuan litologi yaitu napal sisipan batugamping, napal, dan
batulempung karbonatan, serta memiliki morfologi berupa lembah diantara
perbukitan. Keberadaan air tanah didaerah penelitian berasal dari akuifer bebas
dengan arah pola aliran air tanah menuju sungai dan lembah, serta sungai mendapat
suplai air oleh air tanah (gaining stream). Karakteristik fisika-kimia
air tanah memiliki pH basa (7,86 -9,3), TDS
termasuk kategori freshwater (158-933 mg/L), DHL termasuk
kategori tawar - sedikit asin (321-1919
?S/cm), suhu (27,9?C- 36?C), dan kesadahan sangat keras (360 -1350
mg/L). Pada satuan napal memiliki suhu yang lebih tinggi, sedangkan pada satuan
napal sisipan batugamping memiliki TDS, DHL, pH, dan kesadahan lebih tinggi.
Konsentrasi kimia air tanah satuan litologi napal secara umum memiliki
tipe kimia air alkali tanah dengan kandungan alkali yang lebih banyak dengan
kandungan bikarbonat dan sulfat yang dominan, sementara pada satuan litologi
napal sisipan batugamping memiliki tipe air tanah alkali tanah yang dominan
dengan anion dominan sulfat, bikarbonat, dan klorida. Hal tersebut
dipengaruhi oleh interaksi batuan dan air tanah, dengan proses yang dominan berupa pelapukan batuan seperti pelapukan silikat (albit,
montmorilonit, biotit, palygorskit), pelapukan mineral sulfat dan sulfida
(anhidrit dan marcasit), pelapukan karbonat (kalsit), dan pertukaran ion.
The
Geyer Village area is composed of the Kerek Formation, Kalibeng Formation, and
Klitik Member, which consist of carbonate sediments. The lithology influences
the presence of groundwater and affects its physical and chemical
characteristics. This study aims to determine the geological conditions, the
presence of groundwater, the physical-chemical properties of groundwater, and
the correlation between lithological conditions and groundwater
characteristics. Geological and hydrogeological field observations, along with
XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and petrographic analysis methods, were used to
identify the mineral types in the rocks. Ion Chromatography (IC), Inductively
Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES), and titration were
employed to determine the concentrations of major and minor ions in the
groundwater. The study area is divided into three lithological units: marl
intercalated with limestone, marl, and carbonaceous claystone, featuring a
valley morphology between hills. The groundwater in the study area originates
from an unconfined aquifer, with the groundwater flow pattern directed towards
rivers and valleys. The rivers are gaining streams, receiving water from the
groundwater. The physical-chemical characteristics of groundwater in the study
area have an alkaline pH (7.86-9.3), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) classified as
freshwater (158-933 mg/L), Electrical Conductivity (EC) categorized as bland-slightly
saline (321-1919 ?S/cm), temperature (27.9?C-36?C), and very hard hardness
(360-1350 mg/L). The marl unit has higher
temperature, while the marl intercalated with limestone unit has higher
TDS, EC, pH, and hardness. The chemical concentrations of groundwater in the
marl lithological unit generally show an alkaline earth water type with higher
alkaline content, predominantly containing bicarbonate and sulfate. In
contrast, the marl intercalated with limestone lithological unit exhibits a
dominant alkaline earth water type with sulfate, bicarbonate, and chloride as the dominant anions. These characteristics
are influenced by rock and groundwater interactions, with the dominant
processes being rock weathering, such as silicate weathering (albite,
montmorillonite, biotite, palygorskite), sulfate and sulfide mineral weathering
(anhydrite and marcasite), carbonate weathering (calcite), and ion exchange.
Kata Kunci : Karakteristik fisika-kimia, air tanah, akuifer bebas, interaksi batuan, dan air tanah