Dampak Kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap Daya Saing Usaha Tani Tebu dengan Pendekatan Policy Analysis Matrix di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Adhisty Puri Damayanti, Prof. Dr. Ir. Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto, S.U.; Arini Wahyu Utami, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengkaji daya saing usaha tani tebu di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 2) mengkaji dampak kebijakan pemerintah pada input, output, dan input-output terhadap usaha tani tebu, dan 3) merumuskan perubahan kondisi daya saing usaha tani tebu akibat perubahan harga input, harga output, dan harga input-output. Pengambilan sampel ditentukan dengan teknik quota sampling. Penelitian ini memisahkan sampel petani yang mendapatkan subsidi pupuk (usaha tani kecil) dan yang tidak mendapatkan subsidi pupuk (usaha tani besar) sehingga dapat dilihat perbedaan daya saing antara keduanya. Penelitian dilakukan pada musim tanam tebu tahun 2022-2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) untuk menganalisis daya saing dan dampak kebijakan serta switching value untuk menganalisis sensitivitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa 1) usaha tani tebu besar berdaya saing sangat tinggi, sementara usaha tani tebu kecil berdaya saing sedang, 2) pada usaha tani besar, pemerintah mampu melindungi petani melalui kebijakan output (NPCO 1,18), namun kebijakan input (NPCI 1,03) dan input-output (EPC -2,67) belum dapat melindungi petani; pada usaha tani kecil, pemerintah mampu melindungi petani melalui kebijakan output (NPCO 1,19) dan input (NPCI 0,54), namun tidak dengan kebijakan input-output (EPC -0,25), 3) keunggulan kompetitif usaha tani tebu sensitif terhadap perubahan harga input, output, dan input-output. Pemberian subsidi harga gula lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif daripada memberikan subsidi pupuk. Keunggulan kompetitif tertinggi terjadi ketika pemerintah memberikan subsidi pupuk dan subsidi harga gula secara simultan.

This research aims to 1) assess the competitiveness of sugarcane farming in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 2) assess the impact of government policies on inputs, outputs, and inputs-outputs of sugarcane farming, and 3) formulate changes in the competitiveness of sugarcane farming due to changes in input prices, output prices, and input-output prices. Sampling was determined using the quota sampling technique. This study separated samples of farmers who received fertilizer subsidies (small farms) and those who did not receive fertilizer subsidies (large farms) so that differences in competitiveness between the two could be seen. The research was conducted in the 2022-2023 sugarcane growing season. The method used is Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to analyze competitiveness and policy impact and switching value to analyze sensitivity. Based on the results, it is known that 1) large sugarcane farms are very competitive, while small sugarcane farms are moderately competitive, 2) on large farms, the government is able to protect farmers through output policies (NPCO 1.18), but input policies (NPCI 1.03) and input-output (EPC -2.67) have not been able to protect farmers; on small farms, the government is able to protect farmers through output policies (NPCO 1.19) and inputs (NPCI 0.54), not so with the input-output policies (EPC -0.25), 3) the competitive advantage of sugarcane farming is sensitive to changes in input prices, outputs, and input-outputs. Providing sugar price subsidies is more effective in improving competitiveness than providing fertilizer subsidies. The highest competitive advantage occurs when the government provides fertilizer subsidies and sugar price subsidies simultaneously.

Kata Kunci : Tebu, PAM, daya saing, kebijakan, sensitivitas