Era Baru Pergerakan: Gerakan Mahasiswa Solo Pasca Reformasi di Tahun 2018 - 2020

Muhammad Aminullah Thohir, Dr. Arie Sujito, M.Si.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi

Kelompok intelektual atau mahasiswa selalu ambil peran dalam gerakan di Solo sejak era kolonialisme hingga pasca reformasi. Tahun 2018 - 2020 menjadi momen bangkitnya gerakan mahasiswa di Solo pasca reformasi dengan komite aksi Solo Raya Bergerak (SORAK). SORAK merupakan satu eskalasi besar yang solid dan masif. Namun, hanya dapat bertahan sampai tahun 2020. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin menggambarkan bagaimana munculnya gerakan mahasiswa di Solo tahun 2018 - 2020 dan bagaimana gerakan tersebut mengalami kemunduran. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka teori Sidney Tarrow mengenai dinamika gerakan sosial dengan metode kualitatif etnografi kritis.

Munculnya SORAK dimulai dari permasalahan di daerah Solo seperti penggusuran, pencemaran lingkungan dan biaya kuliah di UNS yang semakin mahal. Masalah tersebut muncul karena adanya sistem kapitalisme global yang terjadi di tahun 2018 - 2020. SORAK dibangun sebagai upaya memperluas gerakan sebagai perjuangan kelas. Akan tetapi, dalam prakteknya narasi heroisme mahasiswa masih menjadi pendorong utama gerakan di SORAK.

Heroisme mahasiswa menjadi faktor utama matinya gerakan di Solo. Heroisme mahasiswa membuat gerakan di Solo hanya didominasi oleh mahasiswa tanpa melibatkan buruh maupun kaum miskin kota. Padahal kondisi mahasiswa di era kapitalisme global dipersulit terlibat dalam gerakan karena tekanan kampus, instrumen aparat negara, dan tuntutan masa depan pekerjaan. Hal ini membuat mahasiswa berada dalam idealisme gerakan atau mengikuti arus kapitalisme global. Dalam era kapitalisme global, narasi heroisme mahasiswa yang masih kental akan menjadi bom waktu bagi gerakan.

Intellectuals or students have consistently played a role in  Solo Movements from the colonial era to the post-reform era. The period between 2018 - 2020 witnessed the emergence of the post-reform student movement in Solo, which was spearheaded by the Solo Raya Bergerak (SORAK) action committee. SORAK represented a significant intensification of the movement, characterized by a unified and formidable presence. However, its tenure was limited to the year 2020. This research aims to provide a detailed account of the emergence adn subsequent regression of the student movement in Solo between 2018 and 2020. This research employs Sidney Tarrow's theoretical framework concerning the dynamics of social movements with critical ethnographic qualitative methods.

The geneis of SORAK can be traced to a confluence of challenges in the Solo area, including evictions, environmental degradation, and rising education costs at UNS. These issues emerged due to the global capitalist system that existed between 2018 and 2020. SORAK was established to extend the scope of the movement to encompass a class struggle. However, in practice, the narrative of student heroisme is still the main driver of the movement in SORAK.

The glorification of student heroisme has been identified as a significant contributing factor to the Solo movement's decline. The emphasis on student heroisme resulted in movement in Solo becoming dominated by students, with minimal involvement from workers or the urban poor. Indeed, in the context global capitalism, it is challenging for students to engage with social movement due to various factors, including campus pressoure, state apparatus instruments, and future employment demands. This often leaves students with two options; to embrace the movement's idealism or to align with the needs of global capitalism. In the era of global capitalism, the narrative of student heroisme, which remains prevalent, could potentially become a significant obstacle for the movement.

Kata Kunci : Demobilisasi, Gerakan Mahasiswa, Heroisme Mahasiswa, Neoliberalisme