Peran ayah di rumah tangga terhadap peran ganda ibu dan kejadian gizi buruk pada Balita di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

SYOFIATI, Linda, Toto Sudargo, SKM.,M.Kes

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Masalah gizi merupakan masalah yang sangat kompleks, salah satu masalah gizi yang belum dapat ditanggulangi adalah KEP, penyebab tak langsung masalah gizi adalah faktor sosial budaya masyarakat, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman mempunyai kebudayaan Matriarchat, pada aliran ini kedudukan ibu sangat mulia, dalam kenyataanya pekerjaan domestik, membantu mencari nafkah, dan melayani kebutuhan suami telah menjadikan peran ganda ibu di rumah tangga. Hal ini dapat menjadikan pola asuh pada anak tidak sempurna. Angka balita gizi buruk pada tahun 1999 (6,1%) dan tahun 2000 (2,3%). Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui peran ayah di rumah tangga terhadap peran ganda ibu dan kejadian gizi buruk pada balita di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah observasional (non experimental) dengan disain case control. Sample terdiri dari dua kelompok, kasus (gizi buruk) = <-3 SD, kontrol (gizi baik) = -2SD sd +2SD. Memakai standard WHO NCHS. Daerah penelitian berdasarkan jumlah kasus tertinggi, seluruh kasus dijadikan sample berdasarkan kriteria sample, kontrol diambil yang terdekat dengan kasus. Perhitungan sample menggunakan rumus (Lemeshow, dkk). Data kualitatif di kumpulkan melalui in depth interview dan data kuantitatif menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis univariate dilakukan pada semua variabel, analisis stratifikasi dengan Mantel-Haenzel, dan analisis multivariate dengan regresi logistik. Hasil: Analisis stratifikasi, peran ayah merupakan potensial confounder terhadap peran ganda ibu, pola asuh ayah merupakan potensial confounder terhadap peran ganda ibu. Hasil analisis multivariate, peran ayah merupakan faktor risiko 3,28 kali, peran ganda ibu merupakan faktor risiko 22,81 kali, pendapatan keluarga merupakan faktor risiko 5,71 kali terhadap kejadian gizi buruk pada balita di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Kesimpulan: Peran ayah rendah, peran ganda ibu di rumah tangga tinggi, pendapatan dibawah rata-rata merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian gizi buruk pada balita di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.

Background : Nutrition problem is a complex problem. KEP is one of nutrition problems which its solution is not known yet. Social culture is categorized as indirect cause of nutrition problem. Padang Pariaman regency follows matriarchat belief which places mother as a prominent role. In fact, doing domestic work, assisting family’s income, and serving husband needs have resulted multiple roles for mother in household. This condition leads to the unoptimal caring pattern of children. The rate of underfives malnutrition in 1999 was 6.1% and 2.3% in 2000. Objective : The study was aimed at knowing the father role to mother multiple roles in household and the occurrence of underfives malnutrition in Padang Pariaman Study Design : This was observational with case control study. Subjects were cases (malnutrition) = <-3 SD and control (wellnourished) = -2SD sd +2SD. The place of the research was choosed based on the highest numbers of cases. All cases were become subjects based on sample criteria, while control were the closest with cases. Samples were analysed with Lemeshow formulation. Qualitative data were gathered by in depth interview while quantitative data by structured questionnaires. Univariate analysis was done in all variables, stratification analysis with Mantel-Haenzel, while multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Result : From the stratification analysis, it was proved that the father role was confounder potential to mother multiple roles. The caring pattern of father was confounder potential to mother multiple roles. Multivariate analysis resulted that father role was a risk factor 3.28 times, mother multiple roles was a risk factor 22.81 times, family income was 5.71 times to the underfives malnutrition in Padang Pariaman. Conclusion : The poor role of father in household, the high multiple roles of mother, and the lack of family’s income were the risk factors of underfives malnutrition in Padang Pariaman regency

Kata Kunci : Gizi Anak Balita, Peran Ayah