Pengaruh media ceramah, leaflet dan VCD dalam pencegahan Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (GAKI) di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

METEKOHY, Feby Adolf, Toto Sudargo, SKM.,M.Kes

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang : Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (GAKI) sampai saat ini masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan gizi di Indonesia. Guru SD adalah kelompok sasaran promosi kesehatan penanggulangan GAKI pada tatanan institusi pendidikan mengingat akibat GAKI secara luas pada murid SD dapat menyebabkan retardasi mental dan penurunan tingkat kecerdasan sampai 10 point di bawah potensinya. Angka Total Goiter Rate (TGR) Provinsi Maluku yang cenderung meningkat. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi kesehatan melalui metode ceramah dengan media leaflet dan VCD pada guru dalam upaya pencegahan GAKI di kalangan murid SD. Metode : Eksperimen semu dengan rancangan pre-test and post-test control group design. Sampel adalah guru penjaskes di kecamatan Amahai dan Teon Nila Serua (TNS). Pemilihan sampel secara purposive. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, selain itu dilakukan juga cek silang pengetahuan murid SD untuk mengetahui praktek guru. Analisis menggunakan uji statistik paired t-test dan uji t-test difference dengan taraf signifikansi p=0,05. Hasil : Ada pengaruh yang bermakna terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek guru setelah diberikan promosi kesehatan tentang GAKI. Pada kelompok intervensi terjadi peningkatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Disamping itu terjadi peningkatan yang bermakna pengetahuan murid SD tentang GAKI. Kesimpulan : Metode ceramah dengan didukung media leaflet dan VCD dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek guru melalui promosi kesehatan tentang GAKI serta dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan murid tentang GAKI melalui praktek guru.

Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) still becomes one of the nutrition health problems in Indonesia until this time. Primary School’s teacher is the target group of health promotion for IDD control in the education institution considering the general impact of IDD toward the primary school students could cause mental retardation and the declining of intelligence level until 10 points below their abilities. The total of Goiter Rate (TGR) of Maluku province tend to increased. Objective: This research was aimed to find out the influence of speech with media of VCD and leaflet through health promotion toward teacher in the effort of IDD prevention among Primary School’s students. Method: This research used quasi experiment with pretest and posttest control group design. The sample was sport and health education teacher (Penjaskes) in the sub district of Amahai and Teon Nila Serua (TNS). It was chosen purposively. Data was taken by using questionnaire and crosscheck of student’s knowledge was also implemented in order to find out teacher’s practice. Analysis was using statistic test of paired t-test and t-test for difference test with significance level of p=0,05. Result: There was a significance influence toward the improvement of knowledge, attitude and teacher’s practice after given health promotion regarding IDD. There was a more significant improvement in the intervention group rather than control group. Besides that, there was a significant improvement on knowledge of primary school children regarding IDD. Conclusion: Speech method that is supported by media of leaflet and VCD could improve knowledge, attitude and practice of teacher through health promotion regarding IDD as well as it could improve knowledge of students regarding IDD through teacher’s practice.

Kata Kunci : GAKI, Murid SD, Maluku Tengah, IDD, Primary School Student, Central Maluku