Kajian Efektivitas Hukum terhadap Pengelolaan Sampah di Kota Bekasi

Jordan Mordekhai, Dr. Lutfi Muta`ali, S.Si., MT ; Dr. Wahyu Yun Santosa, S.H., L.LM.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Seiring dengan meledaknya populasi penduduk secara signifikan, serta didukung perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat mengakibatkan meningkatnya volume timbulan sampah di kota Bekasi, setidaknya dalam kurun waktu 10 terakhir. Banyak spektrum permasalahan yang menjadi sorotan penting, salah satunya ketidakberhasilan Pengaturan Pengelolaan Sampah di Kota Bekasi dalam menyelesaikan persoalan tersebut diatas. Terbukti, alih-alih telah mengalami transisi regulasi sebanyak 2 (dua) kali, yakni diawali dengan Peraturan Daerah Kota Bekasi Nomor 15 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah dilanjutkan dengan Peraturan Daerah Kota Bekasi Nomor 9 Tahun 2017 Tentang Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Daerah Nomor 15 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah dan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 2 Tahun 2021 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah. Namun, tidak bekerjanya kegiatan pengelolaan sampah sesuai tujuan dibuatnya peraturan menjadi pangkal persoalan sentral dari permasalahan sampah di kota Bekasi. Tidak hanya itu, ditemukan pula celah norma dan disharmonisasi antar-aturan yang mengakibatkan pelaksanaan pengelolaan sampah tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya sehingga kehadiran peraturan belum berjalan maksimal. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi hukum, pendekatan historis dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian disajikan dengan preskriptif analitis melalui metode wawancara mendalam (indepth-interview) untuk memperoleh bahan hukum primer serta didukung dengan bahan hukum sekunder melalui studi literatur sehingga memperoleh hasil; 1. Dinamika arah peraturan pengelolaan sampah di kota Bekasi masih belum jelas karena kehilangan sejumlah momentum dalam mengakomodasi beberapa aturan penting sehingga terlalu visioner dengan disertai masalah kesalahan proses legislasi daerah. 2. Pelaksanaan pengaturan pengelolaan sampah berdasarkan ruang lingkup pembahasan kegiatan pengelolaan sampah belum efektif karena terdapat sejumlah kelemahan dengan berkaca pada faktor efektivitas hukum 3. Strategi hukum terhadap pengelolaan sampah diberikan pada masing-masing pembahasan kegiatan pengelolaan sampah.

Along with the significant population explosion, and supported by changes in people's consumption patterns, this has resulted in an increase in the volume of waste generation in the city of Bekasi, at least in the last 10 years. There are many spectrums of problems that have become an important focus, one of which is the failure of the Waste Management Regulations in Bekasi City in resolving the problems mentioned above. Evidently, instead it has undergone regulatory transition 2 (two) times, starting with Bekasi City Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2011 concerning Waste Management, followed by Bekasi City Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2017 concerning Amendments to Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2011 Regarding Waste Management and Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2021 concerning Waste Management. However, the failure of waste management activities according to the objectives of the regulations is the root of the central problem of the waste problem in the city of Bekasi. Not only that, gaps in norms and disharmony between regulations were also found which resulted in the implementation of waste management not running as it should so that the presence of regulations was not running optimally. This paper uses a juridical-empirical research method using a legal sociology approach, a historical approach and a legislative approach. The research results are presented in a prescriptive analytical manner using an in-depth interview method to obtain primary legal material and are supported by secondary legal material through literature study to obtain results; 1. The dynamics of the direction of waste management regulations in the city of Bekasi are still unclear because they have lost a number of momentum in accommodating several important regulations so that they are too visionary accompanied by problems with errors in the regional legislative process. 2. The implementation of waste management regulations based on the scope of discussion of waste management activities has not been effective because there are a number of weaknesses by reflecting on legal effectiveness factors. 3. Legal strategies for waste management are provided in each discussion of waste management activities.

Kata Kunci : Kota Bekasi, Pengaturan Pengelolaan Sampah, Dinamika Peraturan, Efektivitas Hukum, Strategi Hukum.