Pengaruh suplementasi kombinasi besi-folat, vitamin A, dan zink terhadap kadar hemoglobin, retinol, dan zink plasma anak Klas SD IV-VI di Kecamatan Imogiri Kabupaten Bantul

SETIYOBROTO, Idi, dr. Mardarina Julia, SpA.,MPH

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Prevalensi anemia pada anak Sekolah Dasar (SD) masih cukup tinggi. Tingginya disebabkan oleh konsumsi makanan yang rendah, sanitasi lingkungan, dan pelayanan kesehatan yang belum baik. Upaya penanggulangan masalah tersebut direncanakan melalui pemberian suplementasi kombinasi zat besi-asam folat, zink, dan vitamin A pada anak SD Klas IV–IV di daerah IDT dua kali seminggu selama 12 minggu. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui pemberian suplementasi zat besiasam folat, zink, vitamin A, dua kali seminggu pada anak SD Klas IV–IV di daerah IDT Kecamatan Imogiri, Kabupaten Bantul, terhadap peningkatan kadar: hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, retinol, dan zink plasma. Rancangan Penelitian: Randomized controlled trial dengan intervensi bersifat double blind. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah anak umur 10-13 tahun di Kecamatan Imogiri. Subjek penelitian dibagi dalam empat kelompok perlakuan, yaitu: kelompok suplementasi besi-folat 38 orang, kelompok suplementasi besi-folat dan vitamin A 39 orang, kelompok suplementasi besi-folat dan zink 40 orang, dan kelompok suplementasi besi-folat, vitamin A dan zink 37 orang. Hasil Penelitian: Suplementasi mampu menurunkan prevalensi anemia dari 61,2% menjadi 5,9%. Peningkatan tertinggi untuk: kadar Hb dicapai kelompok besi-folat-zink, kadar ferritin dicapai kelompok besi-folat, dan untuk kadar retinol dan zink plasma, dicapai oleh kelompok besi-folatvitamin A. Kesimpulan: Peningkatan kadar Hb kelompok besi-folat-zink lebih baik dari kelompok suplementasi yang lain (P<0,05), Peningkatan kadar ferritin kelompok besi-folat lebih baik dari kelompok suplementasi yang lain (P<0,05), Peningkatan kadar retinol dan zink plasma kelompok besi-folatvitamin A cenderung lebih baik dari kelompok suplementasi yang lain. (p>0,05).

Background: Prevalence anemia of elementary school children is still high (enough), because of low consume of food, bad environment, and bad health services. Supplying a combined supplementation of vitamins and mineral: fe-folic acid, zinc, and vitamin A to children of elementary students of grades IV-VI is the solution offered to prevent the condition. Research Objective: To examine the effectiveness of the supplementation of the vitamins (fe-folic acid, zinc, vitamin A) for elementary students of grades IV-IV twice a week within 12 weeks in Imogiri subdistrict, Bantul regency, in relation to the improvement of the rate of hemoglobin, ferritin, retinal, and zinc. Study Design: (The study was) double blind positive randomized controlled trial was conducted. The research target is elementary students aged 10-13 year in Imogiri. The sample is divided into four (treatment) groups. (1) 38 students, received fe-folic supplementation, (2) 39 students, received fe-folic-vitamin A, (3) 40 students, received fe-folic-zinc, and (4) 37 students, received fe-folic-vitamin A-zinc. The administration was twice a week within twelve weeks. Concentration of hemoglobin, plasma zinc, and serum retinal were measured at the beginning and at the of supplementation Result: The supplementation can reduce the prevalence of anemia from 61.2% to 5.9%. The fe-folic zinc group reached the highest improvement of Hb rate. The fe-folic group reached the highest improvement of ferritin rate. The fe-folic-vitamin A group reached the higest improvement of the retinol and zinc plasma. Conclusion: The increasing of Hb rate of fe-folic zinc group is better than the other groups (p<0.05). The increasing of ferritin rate of the folic zinc group is better than the other groups (p<0.05). The increasing of retinol serum and zinc plasma rate of the fe-folic-vitamin A is better than the other groups (p<0.05).

Kata Kunci : Gizi Anak,Suplementasi Besi,Folat, Vitamin A dan Zink,Hb, Retinol dan ZInk Plasma