Pengaruh suplementasi Fe-Folat, zink dan vitamin A terhadap prestasi belajar siswa stunted kelas IV-VI Sekolah Dasar

ISMAIL, Elza, dr. Mardarina Julia, SpA.,MPH

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Anemia yang terjadi pada anak sekolah yang stunted menyebabkan prestasi belajar menurun akibat mengalami kesulitan berpikir, serta menurunnya konsentrasi dalam menyelesaikan tugas. Beberapa studi mengemukakan adanya hubungan positif antara anemia dan kecerdasan. Studi lain menunjukkan suplementasi besi folat dengan vitamin pada sekolah dasar berhasil menurunkan angka anemia sebesar 19,4%. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi Fe-folat, zink dan vitamin A terhadap prestasi belajar anak sekolah dasar kelas IV-VI yang stunted. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized control trial. Subyek penelitian dikelompokkan dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu perlakuan suplementasi Fe-folat sebagai referens, Fe-folat dan zink, Fe-folat dan vitamin A, Fe-folat, zink dan vitamin A. Dosis dari kombinasi suplemen ini yaitu Fe-folat: 20mg-0,1mcg. Zink: 20 mg dan vitamin A 5000 SI. Intervensi diberikan secara double blind selama 3 bulan dengan frekuensi 2 kali perminggu. Prestasi belajar diukur sebelum dan sesudah suplementasi, meliputi mata ajaran IPA. Matematika dan IPS. Hasil : Ada peningkatan prestasi belajar untuk mata ajaran IPA pada kelompok suplementasi Fe-folat dan zink. Hasil pengkuran Hb, ada peningkatan kadar Hb secara bermakna pada kelompok Fe-folat dan zink. Uji analisa statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan korelasi antara peningkatan kadar Hb dengan kenaikan prestasi belajar IPA. Kesimpulan : Suplementasi Fe-folat dan zink dapat meningkatkan kadar Hb, namun peningkatan ini tidak menyebabkan peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa sekolah dasar stunted.

Background : Anaemia as an effect of iron deficiency can cause a serious problem in ability to think and to consentratie to most of 4th to 6th elementary schoolchildren who are stunted. Some studies found the positive relationship between anaemia and intelligence achievement. Other study showed that giving some of Fe-folat and vitamin A supplement to elementary schoolchildren can degrade anaemia index equal to 19,4%. Objectives: To know the effect on ability to learn for stunted elementary schoolchildren at the 4th to 6th grades by giving them Fe-folat, zinc and vitamin A supplement. Method :The design of this research was experimental using a randomized control trial method. Research subjects were grouped into 4 treatments, they were Fe-folat, Fe-folat and zinc, Fe-folat and vitamin A, and Fe-foalt, zinc and vitamin A. The combine dose of the supplement being used for above treatments consist of 20 mg-0,1 mcg of Fe-folat; 20 mg of zinc and 5000 SI of vitamin A. Intervention given using double blind method during 3 months, twice a week. Achievements in learning ability were measured before and after the supplement being applied. The subject tests for this measurement consist of Mathematics, IPA and IPS. Results: There was an increasing achievement in learning ability majoring in IPA for the group that has been treated by Fe-folat and zinc supplement. Other thing that has been measured in this group of treatment was also representing that there was a significant increase in Hb index rate. Statistical analysis test showed that there was no correlation between increase of Hb index rate with the increase of IPA learning achievement. Conclusion : Fe-folat and zinc supplement can improve the increase of Hb index rate, but was not always improving the achievement in learning ability of stunted elementary schoolstudent

Kata Kunci : Gizi,Suplementasi Fe Folat, Zink dan Vitamin A,Prestasi Belajar