Menolak Keberadaan Rumah Tuhan: Studi Kasus Konflik Gereja Kristen Kemah Daud (GKKD) Bandar Lampung

Pandu Irawan Riyanto, Dr. Muhammad Najib Azca, S. Sos., M.A

2024 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi

Berdirinya rumah ibadah Gereja Kristen Kemah Daud (GKKD) di Kelurahan Rajabasa Jaya Bandar Lampung mendapat reaksi penolakan dari kelompok warga. Penolakan kemudian menjadi konflik berkepanjangan antara warga dan jemaat GKKD. Intervensi konflik dilakukan oleh lembaga-lembaga pemerintah dalam bentuk mediasi, namun belum berhasil menyelesaikan konflik kedua belah pihak. Penelitian ini memfokuskan konflik dalam rentang waktu tahun 2014-2023. Menggunakan analisis dinamika konflik dan mediasi konflik, penulis mendapati dua temuan penelitian. Temuan pertama yaitu konteks dan dinamika konflik. Konflik rumah ibadah GKKD dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya aturan PBM 2006 mengenai perizinan rumah ibadah. Setelah pihak GKKD melakukan pengumpulan perizinan, ada beberapa warga yang menilai bahwa izin yang diajukan cacat prosedur karena dilakukan dengan menyuap para ketua RT. Selain itu ada pula isu yang berkembang soal manipulasi tanda tangan warga. Hal ini menyebabkan penolakan dari warga, yang ditambah pembiaran oleh pemerintah, berujung pada konflik berkepanjangan hingga tahun-tahun berikutnya. Konflik terus mengalami dinamika sebab jemaat GKKD bersikukuh ingin dan tetap menggunakan bangunan gereja untuk beribadah, meski secara legal formal belum memiliki izin. Sepanjang 2014-2023 telah terjadi empat kali penolakan oleh warga, yaitu 2016, 2018 (disertai penyegelan), 2022, dan 2023 (pemolisian ketua RT 12). Temuan kedua yaitu berkaitan dengan gagalnya mediasi dalam penyelesaian konflik rumah ibadah GKKD. Gagalnya mediasi dapat dilihat dari beberapa aspek baik saat berlangsung mediasi, pengingkaran hasil mediasi, maupun peran pihak ketiga (mediator). Saat berlangsung, mediasi tidak menempatkan dua belah pihak secara setara. Ditambah, pihak ketiga yang menengahi konflik tidak bersikap netral dan imparsial dalam melakukan mediasi konflik. Hasil mediasi seperti surat izin sementara juga mencerminkan bahwa kepentingan pihak GKKD belum diakomodir yaitu mendapat izin permanen agar dapat merealisasikan haknya sebagai warga negara untuk beribadah. Terakhir, tindakan yang melampaui hasil mediasi dengan pemolisian kasus yang dilakukan Polda Lampung terhadap ketua RT 12. Meski pemolisian kasus berhasil menghentikan sementara eskalasi konflik, namun dibalik itu antagonisme warga semakin mendalam terhadap pihak GKKD yang ditunjukkan dengan menghalangi proses pengajuan kembali izin gereja pasca mediasi terakhir. Hal ini menjadikan konflik berpotensi mengalami dinamika eskalasi kembali di kemudian hari.

The establishment of the Gereja Kristen Kemah Daud (GKKD) house of worship in Rajabasa Jaya Village, Bandar Lampung, received a reaction of rejection from community groups. The rejection then became a prolonged conflict between residents and the GKKD congregation. Government institutions carried out conflict intervention through mediation, but it has not resolved the conflict between both parties. This research focuses on conflict in the 2014-2023 time period. The author found two research findings using analysis of conflict dynamics and conflict mediation. The first finding is the context and dynamics of conflict. The GKKD house of worship conflict was motivated by the 2006 PBM regulations regarding licensing places of worship. After the GKKD collected the permits, several residents thought the submitted permits were procedurally flawed because they were carried out by bribing the RT heads. Apart from that, there is also a growing issue regarding manipulating citizens' signatures. This caused resistance from the residents, combined with neglect by the government, leading to a prolonged conflict for the following years. The conflict continues to experience dynamics because the GKKD congregation is adamant about wanting and continuing to use the church building for worship, even though they do not have a formal legal permit. Throughout 2014-2023, there have been four rejections by residents, namely 2016, 2018 (accompanied by sealing), 2022, and 2023 (policing the head of RT 12). The second finding is related to the failure of mediation to resolve the GKKD house of worship conflict. The failure of mediation can be seen from several aspects, including during the mediation, denial of the mediation results, and the role of the third party (mediator). When it takes place, mediation does not place the two parties equally. The third-party, has not been neutral and impartial in mediating the conflict. Mediation results, such as a temporary permit, also reflect that the GKKD's interests have not been accommodated, namely obtaining a permanent license to realise their rights as citizens to worship. Lastly, the action that went beyond the mediation results was the policing of the case carried out by the Lampung Regional Police against the head of RT 12. Although the policing of the case succeeded in temporarily stopping the escalation of the conflict, behind this, the residents' antagonism towards the GKKD deepened, which was demonstrated by blocking the process of reapplying for a church permit after the last mediation. This gives the conflict the potential to experience dynamics of escalation again.

Kata Kunci : Penolakan Rumah Ibadah, Dinamika Konflik, Kegagalan Mediasi/Rejection of Houses of Worship, Conflict Dynamics, Mediation Failure