Analisis Program Peningkatan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan Faktor Penentu Keberhasilan Perilaku Menyusui Eksklusif Pasca Pandemi Covid 19 di Kabupaten Jombang

Ona Oktalina, dr. Vicka Oktaria, MPH, Ph.D; Dr.rer.nat.dr. BJ Istiti Kandarina

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang :.  Mendapatkan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan hak azasi bayi. ASI adalah sumber nutrisi terbaik yang melindungi terhadap berbagai penyakit. Pemerintah Kabupaten Jombang telah berupaya meningkatkan pemberian ASI eksklusif, melalui inovasi Program Paguyuban Kakek Nenek ASI (YUKENSI). Namun hingga saat ini belum ada evaluasi terhadap program tersebut serta cakupan ASI di beberapa wilayah Puskesmas belum merata dan cenderung rendah.

Tujuan : untuk mengetahui gambaran implementasi program peningkatan ASI dan faktor-faktor penentu keberhasilan perilaku menyusui eksklusif pasca pandemi COVID-19 di Kabupaten Jombang. 

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kombinasi (mix methods) dengan strategi sequential explanatory. Tahap pertama jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penelitian kualitatif dengan Focus Group Discussion dan indept interview. Lokasi Penelitian 8 Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jombang dengan jumlah sampel penelitian 100 orang untuk penelitian kuantitatif dan 20 orang informan di 4 puskesmas untuk penelitian kualitatif. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi square, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik . 

Hasil : Ibu yang mempunyai perilaku menyusui eksklusif sebesar 74?n tidak memiliki perilaku menyusui eksklusif sebesar 26%. Faktor yang berhubungan (p<0>0,05) yaitu umur, informasi menyusui, dukungan tenaga kesehatan, jarak kelahiran, paritas dan pengalaman mengikuti KP-ASI. Faktor paling dominan berhubungan dengan perilaku menyusui eksklusif yaitu pengetahuan ibu (OR=: 40.71; 95%CI: 4.14 – 399.48)

Kesimpulan : Pengetahuan ibu yang baik akan mempengaruhi perilaku menyusui eksklusif. Bagi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jombang direkomendasikan penguatan dan evaluasi program YUKENSI serta mengaktifkan kembali dengan model edukasi yang menarik dan mudah dipahami bagi ibu dan lansia.

Background : Getting breast milk (ASI) is a baby's human right. Breast milk is the best source of nutrition that protects against various diseases. The Jombang Regency Government has made efforts to increase exclusive breastfeeding, through the innovation of the Breastfeeding Grandparents Association (YUKENSI) Program. However, until now there has been no evaluation of this program and breast milk coverage in several Puskesmas areas is not evenly distributed and tends to be low.

Objective: to find out an overview of the implementation of the breast milk increase program and the factors determining the success of exclusive breastfeeding behavior after the COVID-19 pandemic in Jombang Regency. 

Method: This research is a combination research (mix methods) with a sequential explanatory strategy. The first stage was quantitative research with a cross sectional design, then continued with qualitative research with Focus Group Discussions and in-depth interviews. Research Locations 8 Community Health Centers in Jombang Regency with a research sample of 100 people for quantitative research and 20 informants in 4 community health centers for qualitative research. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi square test, while multivariate analysis used logistic regression. 

Results: Mothers who had exclusive breastfeeding behavior were 74% and 26% did not have exclusive breastfeeding behavior. Related factors (p<0>0.05) were age, breastfeeding information, support from health workers, birth spacing, parity and experience following KP-ASI. The most dominant factor related to exclusive breastfeeding behavior is maternal knowledge (OR=: 40.71; 95%CI: 4.14 – 399.48)

Conclusion: Good maternal knowledge will influence exclusive breastfeeding behavior. It is recommended that the Jombang District Health Service strengthen and evaluate the YUKENSI program and reactivate it with an educational model that is interesting and easy to understand for mothers and the elderly.

Kata Kunci : ASI Eksklusif, perilaku menyusui eksklusif, nenek ASI, faktor penentu keberhasilan menyusui, pasca pandemi COVID-19