TAMBALE SEBAGAI PENENTU NILAI TATA RUANG PERMUKIMAN SUKU KAILI LEDO DI DUSUN RARANGGONAU, DESA POMBEWE KABUPATEN SIGI-BIROMARU, SULAWESI TENGAH

Irdinal Arief, Prof. Ir. Tarcicius Yoyok Wahyu Subroto, M.Eng., Ph.D.,IPU ; Syam Rachma Marcillia.,S.T.,M.Eng., Ph.D.

2024 | Disertasi | S3 Teknik Arsitektur

Penelitian ini bermula karena gempa bumi Sulawesi Tengah di Kota Palu tahun 2018 yang berkekuatan 7,5 SR merupakan bencana dahsyat yang memakan banyak korban jiwa. Gempa yang melanda menyebabkan likuifaksi di kawasan Petobo. Pasca bencana di Kota Palu, pemerintah membangun shelter di Petobo pada bulan Oktober dan menempatinya pada bulan Desember 2018, hingga saat ini shelter tersebut masih berpenghuni. Daerah terdampak gempa yang mengalami kerugian rumah dan kerusakan rumah, di Petobo, Biromaru dan sekitarnya masih menempati wilayah terdampak. Hal ini sudah menjadi fenomena dalam perilaku manusia dan budayanya. Banyak penelitian mengenai gempa bumi di Kota Palu dan Kabupaten Sigi yang selalu membahas tentang likuifaksi Petobo. Namun penelitian terhadap manusia dan perilaku budayanya perlu dilakukan, terutama mengetahui asal usul suku tersebut sebelum mendiami Teluk Palu. Penelitian ini juga didapati mempunyai kesenjangan empiris sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui mengapa hal seperti ini bisa terjadi. Diketahui bahwa mayoritas masyarakat Kaili Ledo di Petobo, Biromaru, dan Sigi Pombewe merupakan bagian dari komunitas ini; Walaupun masyarakatnya heterogen karena berada di kawasan Lembah Palu dan merupakan daerah perkotaan, namun penelitian ini mengambil sampel yang paling signifikan yaitu Masyarakat Kaili Ledo. Di Kota Palu banyak terdapat masyarakat Kaili, namun masyarakat Kaili Ledo sebagian besar bermukim di Kota Palu; beberapa wawancara dengan tokoh adat di Lembah Palu menyebutkan asal usul mereka berada di pegunungan Lando di permukiman Raranggonau, juga mengetahui dari orang tuanya (Tutua) dan lisan (Tutura) bahwa kawasan Lembah Palu adalah lautan. 

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, induktif, dan metode grounded theory. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi, baik observasi langsung maupun observasi terlibat. Pengambilan data dilakukan di daerah sekitar Lembah seperti Pombewe, Petobo, serta dataran tinggi yakni permukiman Raranggonau yang sebagai objek utama penelitian, dan ditemukan 30 kasus hunian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengkodean berdasarkan eksplorasi data emprik, terkait fenomena. Kode-kode yang didapatkan, disusun tema substantif terkait konsep sistem nilai permukiman Raranggonau.

Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah Tambale sebagai manifestasi sistem nilai di permukiman Raranggonau yang tersusun melalui unsur-unsur nilai Tomanuru (leluhur), nilai Katuvu (Kehidupan), dan nilai Sampesuvu-Roa (Saudara, Sepupu dan Kerabat). Teori keruangan dari Tambale sebagai basis penyusunan nilai permukiman Raranggonau pada asal muasal komunitas Kaili Ledo, kemudian menjadi sebuah obat yang mengobati kerinduan akan ikatan dan pengalaman ruang. Tambale juga mempunyai peranan gender baik laki-laki dan perempuan, terutama perempuan yang sangat dominan dalam kegiatan adat dan warisan adat.

This research began because the 2018 Central Sulawesi earthquake in Palu City, measuring 7.5 SR, was a devastating disaster that claimed many lives. The earthquake that struck caused liquefaction in the Petobo area. After the disaster in Palu City, the government built a shelter in Petobo in October and occupied it in December 2018, until now the shelter is still occupied. The areas affected by the earthquake which experienced house losses and damage to houses, in Petobo, Biromaru, and surrounding areas, are still the affected areas. This has become a phenomenon in human behaviour and society. Many studies on earthquakes in Palu City and Sigi Regency always discuss Petobo liquefaction. However, research on humans and their cultural behaviour needs to be carried out, especially knowing the origins of the tribe before inhabiting Palu Bay. This research was also found to have empirical gaps so further research is needed to find out why something like this could happen. It is known that the majority of the Kaili Ledo people in Petobo, Biromaru, and Sigi Pombewe are part of this community; Even though the community is heterogeneous because it is located in the Palu Valley area and is an urban area, this research took the most significant sample, namely the Kaili Ledo Community. In Palu City, there are many Kaili people, but most of the Kaili Ledo people live in Palu City; Several interviews with traditional leaders in the Palu Valley stated that their origins were in the Lando mountains in the Raranggonau settlement, and they also knew from their parents ( Tutua ) and by word of mouth (Tutura) that the Palu Valley area was an ocean.

This research was conducted using a qualitative, inductive approach and grounded theory methods. Data collection was carried out by interviews and observations, both direct observation and involved observation. Data collection was carried out in areas around the Valley such as Pombewe, and Petobo, as well as the highlands, namely the Raranggonau settlement, which was the main object of research, and 30 residential cases were found. Data analysis was carried out using coding based on the exploration of empirical data related to phenomena. The codes obtained were organized into substantive themes related to the value system concept of the Raranggonau settlement.

The findings of this research are that Tambale is a manifestation of the value system in the Raranggonau settlement which is composed of the elements of Tomanuru (ancestral) values, Katuvu (Life) values, and Sampesuvu-Roa (Brothers, Cousins ????, and Relatives) values. Tambale's spatial theory as a basis for constructing the values ??of the Raranggonau settlement at the origins of the Kaili Ledo community then became a medicine that cured the longing for bonds and experiences of space. Tambale also has gender roles for both men and women, especially women who are very dominant in traditional activities and traditional heritage.

Kata Kunci : Tambale, Leluhur, Kehidupan, Saudara, Kerinduan, Sistem nilai.