TAMBALE SEBAGAI PENENTU NILAI TATA RUANG PERMUKIMAN SUKU KAILI LEDO DI DUSUN RARANGGONAU, DESA POMBEWE KABUPATEN SIGI-BIROMARU, SULAWESI TENGAH
Irdinal Arief, Prof. Ir. Tarcicius Yoyok Wahyu Subroto, M.Eng., Ph.D.,IPU ; Syam Rachma Marcillia.,S.T.,M.Eng., Ph.D.
2024 | Disertasi | S3 Teknik Arsitektur
Penelitian
ini bermula karena gempa bumi Sulawesi Tengah di Kota Palu tahun 2018 yang
berkekuatan 7,5 SR merupakan bencana dahsyat yang memakan banyak korban jiwa.
Gempa yang melanda menyebabkan likuifaksi di kawasan Petobo. Pasca bencana di
Kota Palu, pemerintah membangun shelter di Petobo pada bulan Oktober dan
menempatinya pada bulan Desember 2018, hingga saat ini shelter tersebut masih
berpenghuni. Daerah terdampak gempa yang mengalami kerugian rumah dan kerusakan
rumah, di Petobo, Biromaru dan sekitarnya masih menempati wilayah terdampak.
Hal ini sudah menjadi fenomena dalam perilaku manusia dan budayanya. Banyak
penelitian mengenai gempa bumi di Kota Palu dan Kabupaten Sigi yang selalu
membahas tentang likuifaksi Petobo. Namun penelitian terhadap manusia dan
perilaku budayanya perlu dilakukan, terutama mengetahui asal usul suku tersebut
sebelum mendiami Teluk Palu. Penelitian ini juga didapati mempunyai kesenjangan
empiris sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui mengapa
hal seperti ini bisa terjadi. Diketahui bahwa mayoritas masyarakat Kaili Ledo
di Petobo, Biromaru, dan Sigi Pombewe merupakan bagian dari komunitas ini;
Walaupun masyarakatnya heterogen karena berada di kawasan Lembah Palu dan
merupakan daerah perkotaan, namun penelitian ini mengambil sampel yang paling
signifikan yaitu Masyarakat Kaili Ledo. Di Kota Palu banyak terdapat masyarakat
Kaili, namun masyarakat Kaili Ledo sebagian besar bermukim di Kota Palu;
beberapa wawancara dengan tokoh adat di Lembah Palu menyebutkan asal usul
mereka berada di pegunungan Lando di permukiman Raranggonau, juga mengetahui
dari orang tuanya (Tutua) dan lisan (Tutura) bahwa kawasan Lembah
Palu adalah lautan.
Penelitian
ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, induktif, dan metode grounded theory. Pengumpulan data
dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi, baik observasi langsung maupun
observasi terlibat. Pengambilan data dilakukan di daerah sekitar
Lembah seperti Pombewe, Petobo, serta dataran tinggi yakni permukiman Raranggonau yang sebagai objek utama
penelitian, dan ditemukan 30 kasus
hunian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengkodean berdasarkan eksplorasi data
emprik, terkait fenomena. Kode-kode yang didapatkan, disusun tema substantif
terkait konsep sistem nilai permukiman Raranggonau.
Temuan
dari penelitian ini adalah Tambale sebagai manifestasi sistem
nilai di permukiman Raranggonau yang tersusun melalui unsur-unsur nilai Tomanuru
(leluhur), nilai Katuvu (Kehidupan), dan nilai Sampesuvu-Roa
(Saudara, Sepupu dan Kerabat). Teori keruangan
dari Tambale sebagai basis penyusunan nilai
permukiman Raranggonau pada asal muasal komunitas Kaili Ledo, kemudian menjadi
sebuah obat yang mengobati kerinduan akan ikatan dan pengalaman
ruang. Tambale juga mempunyai
peranan gender baik laki-laki dan perempuan, terutama perempuan yang sangat
dominan dalam kegiatan adat dan warisan adat.
This
research began because the 2018 Central Sulawesi earthquake in Palu City,
measuring 7.5 SR, was a devastating disaster that claimed many lives. The
earthquake that struck caused liquefaction in the Petobo area. After the
disaster in Palu City, the government built a shelter in Petobo in October and
occupied it in December 2018, until now the shelter is still occupied. The
areas affected by the earthquake which experienced house losses and damage to
houses, in Petobo, Biromaru, and surrounding areas, are still the affected
areas. This has become a phenomenon in human behaviour and society. Many
studies on earthquakes in Palu City and Sigi Regency always discuss Petobo
liquefaction. However, research on humans and their cultural behaviour needs to
be carried out, especially knowing the origins of the tribe before inhabiting
Palu Bay. This research was also found to have empirical gaps so further
research is needed to find out why something like this could happen. It is
known that the majority of the Kaili Ledo people in Petobo, Biromaru, and Sigi
Pombewe are part of this community; Even though the community is heterogeneous
because it is located in the Palu Valley area and is an urban area, this
research took the most significant sample, namely the Kaili Ledo Community. In
Palu City, there are many Kaili people, but most of the Kaili Ledo people live
in Palu City; Several interviews with traditional leaders in the Palu Valley
stated that their origins were in the Lando mountains in the Raranggonau settlement,
and they also knew from their parents ( Tutua ) and by word of mouth (Tutura)
that the Palu Valley area was an ocean.
This
research was conducted using a qualitative, inductive approach and grounded
theory methods. Data collection was carried out by interviews and observations,
both direct observation and involved observation. Data collection was carried out
in areas around the Valley such as Pombewe, and Petobo, as well as the
highlands, namely the Raranggonau settlement, which was the main object of
research, and 30 residential cases were found. Data analysis was carried out
using coding based on the exploration of empirical data related to phenomena.
The codes obtained were organized into substantive themes related to the value
system concept of the Raranggonau settlement.
The
findings of this research are that Tambale is a manifestation of the value
system in the Raranggonau settlement which is composed of the elements of Tomanuru
(ancestral) values, Katuvu (Life) values, and Sampesuvu-Roa (Brothers,
Cousins ????, and Relatives) values. Tambale's spatial theory as a basis
for constructing the values ??of the Raranggonau settlement at the origins of
the Kaili Ledo community then became a medicine that cured the longing for
bonds and experiences of space. Tambale also has gender roles for both
men and women, especially women who are very dominant in traditional activities
and traditional heritage.
Kata Kunci : Tambale, Leluhur, Kehidupan, Saudara, Kerinduan, Sistem nilai.