Analisis Hubungan Faktor Risiko Sanitasi dengan Stunting pada Balita di Kabupaten Sanggau

Sri Handayani, dr. Lutfan Lazuardi, M.Kes, Ph.D; Aditya Lia Ramadona, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Stunting adalah masalah gizi serius di Indonesia. Target penurunan stunting di Indonesia sebesar 14,9% pada tahun 2025. Kabupaten Sanggau mengalami peningkatan prevalensi stunting dari 26,2% (2021) menjadi 32,6% (2022). Sanitasi buruk menjadi salah satu faktor risiko stunting. Kabupaten Sanggau baru 6?sa yang sudah stop buang air besar sembarangan.
Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko sanitasi dengan prevalensi stunting pada balita di Kabupaten Sanggau
Metode: Penelitian survei analitik dengan desain Cross Sectional dengan pendekatan ekologi yang menggunakan data sekunder. Data prevalensi stunting dari laporan E-PPGBM tahun 2022, data sanitasi dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sanggau, data akses air minum layak dari DPUPR, data peta dasar administrasi desa dari DPUR, BPS  dan data kependudukan dari BPS Kabupaten Sanggau. Populasi penelitian seluruh desa Kabupaten Sanggau dan sampel penelitian 169 desa. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan analisis statistik univariat, bivariat menggunakan regresi linier sederhana, dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi linier ganda serta analisis spasial sederhana
Hasil: Analisis univariat menunjukkan rata-rata prevalensi stunting Kabupaten Sanggau adalah 18,01?n analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara stop buang air besar sembarangan koefisien regresi (B)= -0,32, cuci tangan pakai sabun koefisien regresi (B)= -0,38, pengamanan sampah rumah tangga koefisien regresi (B)= -0,12, pengamanan limbah cair rumah tangga koefisien regresi (B)= -0,26, dan akses air minum layak koefisien regresi (B)= -0,40 dengan prevalensi stunting. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan akses air minum layak sebagai faktor paling kuat berpengaruh terhadap stunting (koefisien regresi (B)= -0,27 dan p <0>stunting tinggi, tersebar di daerah terpencil dan perbatasan.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan stop buang air besar sembarangan, cuci tangan pakai sabun, pengelolaan limbah cair rumah tangga, pengamanan sampah rumah tangga, pengamanan limbah cair rumah tangga dan akses air minum layak dengan prevalensi stunting. Akses air minum layak adalah faktor paling kuat berpengaruh terhadap stunting di Kabupaten Sanggau. Semakin tinggi cakupan sanitasi semakin rendah prevalensi stunting

Background:. Stunting is a serious nutritional problem in Indonesia. The target for reducing stunting in Indonesia is 14.9% by 2025. Sanggau Regency experienced an increase in stunting prevalence from 26.2% (2021) to 32.6% (2022). Poor sanitation is one of the risk factors for stunting. In Sanggau Regency, only 6% of the villages have eliminated open defecation.
Objective: To determine the relationship between sanitation risk factors and stunting prevalence among toddlers in Sanggau Regency".
Methods: Analytic survey research with a cross-sectional design and an ecological approach using secondary data. The prevalence of stunting data comes from the E-PPGBM report for 2022, sanitation data from the Sanggau Regency Health Office, access to safe drinking water data from DPUPR, administrative village base map data from DPUR and BPS, and population data from BPS Sanggau Regency. The study population includes all villages in Sanggau Regency, with a sample size of 169 villages. Data analysis was conducted using univariate statistical analysis, bivariate analysis with simple linear regression, multivariate analysis with multiple linear regression, and simple spatial analysis.
Results: Univariate analysis showed that the average stunting prevalence in Sanggau Regency is 18.01%. Bivariate analysis revealed significant relationships between open defecation elimination regression coefficient (B)= -0.319, handwashing with soap regression coefficient (B)= -0.380, household waste management regression coefficient (B)= -0.118, household liquid waste management regression coefficient (B)= -0.257, and access to proper drinking water regression coefficient (B)= -0.40 with stunting prevalence. Multivariate analysis indicated that access to proper drinking water is the strongest factor affecting stunting (regression coefficient (B)= -0,27 and p-value <0>Conclusion: There is a relationship between open defecation, handwashing with soap, household liquid waste management, household waste management, household liquid waste management, and access to proper drinking water with stunting prevalence. Access to proper drinking water is the most influential factor affecting stunting in Sanggau Regency. The higher the sanitation coverage, the lower the stunting prevalence.

Kata Kunci : Stunting, STBM, spasial, data sekunder, Sanggau