Diabetes Insipidus Sentral disertai Gizi Buruk dan Stunting
Renova Astriani Hutapea, dr. Suryono Yudha Patria, Ph.D, Sp.A (K); Dr. dr. Neti Nurani, M.Kes, Sp. A (K)
2024 | Tesis-Spesialis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan anak
Latar belakang: Diabetes insipidus
sentral merupakan sindrom dengan gejala utama berupa poliuria dan polidipsia.
Etiologi yang mendasari adalah defisiensi hormon arginine vasopressin, yang
dapat terjadi akibat defek pada proses sintesis maupun sekresi pada neuron
glandula hipofisis posterior. Malnutrisi kronis merupakan komplikasi yang
terjadi akibat rasa haus yang ekstrim. Pasien dengan diabetes insipidus sentral
dapat memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik, namun juga memiliki potensi gangguan
keseimbangan cairan berupa dehidrasi hingga syok hipovolemik serta gangguan
elektrolit berat jika tidak mendapat tatalaksana yang adekuat.
Tujuan: Mengetahui luaran klinis jangka
panjang anak dengan diabetes insipidus sentral disertai gizi buruk dan stunting
yang mendapat terapi desmopressin (analog vasopressin).
Simpulan: Luaran pasien diabetes
insipidus sentral yang mendapat desmopressin jangka panjang menunjukkan
perbaikan poliuria, polidipsia, status nutrisi serta profil elektrolit.
Aim: To observe the long-term clinical
outcomes of patient with central diabetes insipidus presenting with severe
malnutrition and stunting that receives desmopressin therapy (vasopressin
analogue).
Case: A 2 years and 11 months girls with
central diabetes insipidus diagnosed at 2 years and 6 months old, received
desmopressin (vasopressin analogue) therapy. Diuresis trend as initial
diagnosis ranged from 8.5 to 21.5 ml/kg/hour. Treatment with titration doses desmopressin
showed gradual improvement in diuresis with controlled electrolyte profile and
good renal function during 12 months of observation. The patient’s nutritional
status was slowly improving although not yet optimal, from severe malnutrition
to mild-to-moderate malnutrition. Patient’s height proved from stunting to
normal height for age within 12 months of observation. Thristy remained extreme
with the child’s tendency to seek cold water, proving that there was no
adipsia. There were no episodes of electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, and side
effects of desmopressin. Head MRI revealed normal condition of pituitary gland
and its surroundings.
Conclusion: The outcomes of central diabetes insipidus patients receiving long-term
desmopressin showed improvements in polyuria, polydipsia, nutritional status,
and controlled electrolyte profile.
Kata Kunci : central diabetes insipidus, arginine vasopressin deficiency, malnutrition, desmopressin, vasopressin analogue