Keanekaragaman, Fidelitas, Guild, dan Proporsi Tipe Pakan Burung di Hilir Sungai Serang, Kalurahan Karangwuni, Kabupaten Kulon Progo

Fairuz Basith Saputra, Donan Satria Yudha, S.Si., M.Sc.

2024 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Zona riparian merupakan kawasan sempadan sungai yang mengitegrasi interaksi antara ekosistem sungai dengan ekosistem daratan yang bersinggungan. Keanekaragaman hayati di zona riparian tinggi karena karakteristik spasialnya yang unik. Meskipun memiliki fungsi ekologi dan hidrologi yang penting, kawasan ini sering mengalami degradasi. Pembangunan infrastruktur di Kalurahan Karangwuni menimbulkan ancaman terhadap keanekaragaman hayati di kawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman, fidelitas, guild dan proporsi tipe pakan, serta status perlindungan setiap spesies komunitas burung di sempadan Sungai Serang, Kalurahan Karangwuni. Pengamatan komunitas burung dilakukan menggunakan metode IPA (Indices Ponctuels d’Abudance) pada jalur pengamatan yang ditentukan menggunakan transek jalur. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner (H’), dan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 16 spesies burung di Sungai Serang Kalurahan Karangwuni dengan Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) sebesar 2,08. Mayoritas spesies memiliki kecenderungan terhadap habitatnya, enam spesies dengan fidelitas preferensial dan lima spesies dengan fidelitas selektif. Proporsi tipe pakan tertinggi adalah Insectivore (32,92%) dan granivore (31,31%). Jumlah spesies yang dilindungi di Indonesia berjumlah dua yaitu Cerek jawa, dan Bambangan Coklat.

The riparian zone is an area along the river border that integrates interactions between the river ecosystem with the adjacent upland. Biodiversity in riparian zones is high due to their unique spatial characteristics. Despite its important ecological and hydrological functions, this area is often subject to degradation. Infrastructure development in Karangwuni District poses a threat to the biodiversity in the area. This research aims to determine the diversity, fidelity, guild and proportion of food types, as well as the protection status of each species of bird community along the Serang River, Karangwuni District. Observations of bird communities were carried out using the IPA method (Indices Ponctuels d'Abudance) on observation routes determined using transect routes. The data was then analyzed using the Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index (H'), and the Importance Value Index (IVI). The results of the research show that there are 16 species of birds in the Serang River, Karangwuni District with a Diversity Index (H') of 2.08. The majority of species have a tendency towards their habitat, six species with preferential fidelity and five species with selective fidelity. The highest proportion of diet types were insectivores (32.90%) and granivores (31.07%). The number of protected species in Indonesia includes two, namely the Javan plover, and Von Schrenck's bittern.

Kata Kunci : Burung, Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’), INP, Fidelitas, Tipe pakan