Peran Tenaga Kesehatan Dalam Pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) (Studi Kualitatif Di RSUD Dr. Abdul Rivai Kabupaten Berau)

Suzana Bota Makin, Dr. Dra. Retna Siwi Padmawati, MA ; Dr. dr. Prima Dhewi Ratrikaningtyas, M. Biotech

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Program Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) merupakan salah satu upaya Pemerintah dalam menurunkan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB). Kurangnya dukungan tenaga kesehatan dapat menjadi faktor penghambat keberhasilan pelaksanaan IMD. Peran tenaga kesehatan sangat penting dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan pelaksanaan IMD karena tenaga kesehatan merupakan orang yang pertama memberikan informasi tentang IMD sekaligus memberi motivasi ibu agar melakukan IMD segera setelah bayi lahir.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui peran tenaga kesehatan dalam pelaksanaan IMD di RSUD Dr. Abdul Rivai Kabupaten Berau. 

Metode: Menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan desain case study yang melibatkan 12 orang tenaga kesehatan di ruang bayi dan ruang bersalin sebagai informan utama dan 5 ibu yang bersalin di RSUD Dr. Abdul Rivai sebagai informan pendukung. Subjek penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi, observasi dan in-depth interviews. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi, persistent observation, member checking dan peer debriefing. Analisis data melalui tahapan reduksi data, display data dan conclusion drawing.

Hasil: Pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan tentang peran dan kewajiban tenaga kesehatan yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 33 tahun 2012 masih sangat rendah. Di RSUD Dr. Abdul Rivai, semua tenaga kesehatan belum pernah mendapatkan pelatihan tentang tatalaksana IMD. Selain itu, pihak rumah sakit juga belum pernah mengeluarkan kebijakan/regulasi terkait pelaksanaan IMD.

Kesimpulan: Peran tenaga kesehatan dalam pelaksanaan IMD di RSUD Dr. Abdul Rivai Kabupaten Berau belum berjalan optimal baik sebagai pemberi asuhan (caregiver) maupun sebagai educator.

Saran: Peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tenaga kesehatan melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan secara berkala, membuat regulasi khusus tentang pelaksanaan praktik IMD serta penyediaan sarana dan prasarana yang memadai untuk menunjang pelaksanaan IMD di RSUD Dr. Abdul Rivai.

Background: The Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) Program is one of the government's efforts to reduce the infant mortality rate (IMR). Lack of support from health workers can be a factor inhibiting the success of IMD implementation. The role of health workers is very important in increasing the success of IMD implementation because health workers are the first to provide information about IMD as well as motivate mothers to do IMD immediately after the baby is born.

Objective: To determine the role of health workers in implementing IMD at Dr. Abdul Rivai Regional Hospital, Berau Regency.

Method: Using qualitative research type with case study design involving 12 health workers in the baby room and delivery room as the main informants and 5 mothers who gave birth at Dr. Abdul Rivai Hospital as supporting informants. The research subjects were determined by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through documentation, observation and in-depth interviews. Data validity testing was carried out by triangulation, persistent observation, member checking and peer debriefing. Data analysis through the stages of data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing.

Results: Health workers' knowledge of the roles and obligations of health workers as stated in Government Regulation Number 33 of 2012 is still very low. At Dr. Abdul Rivai Regional Hospital, all health workers have never received training on IMD implementation. In addition, the hospital has never issued a policy or regulation related to the implementation of IMD.

Conclusion: The role of health workers in implementing IMD at Dr. Abdul Rivai Regional Hospital, Berau Regency, has not been running optimally, both as caregivers and as educators.

Recommendations: Improving the knowledge and skills of health workers through regular education and training, creating special regulations on the implementation of IMD practices and providing adequate facilities and infrastructure to support the implementation of IMD at Dr. Abdul Rivai Regional Hospital.

Kata Kunci : Inisiasi Menyusu Dini; Peran Tenaga Kesehatan; Kualitatif