Kebutuhan Constitutional Question sebagai Pelengkap Sistem Pengujian Konstitusionalitas Undang-Undang dan Tantangan Pengadopsiannya di Indonesia

Chatrine Sabendi Putri, Dr. Andi Sandi Antonius Tabusasa Tonralipu, S.H., LL.M.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum

Penelitian dan penulisan tesis ini membahas dan menganalisis kebutuhan serta landasan yuridis pengadopsian constitutional question sebagai pelengkap sistem pengujian konstitusionalitas undang-undang di Indonesia. Selain itu, tesis ini membahas dan menganalisis tantangan yang dihadapi dalam upaya pelembagaannya serta memberikan solusi dalam rangka menjawab tantangan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yang dilengkapi hasil wawancara dengan narasumber relevan. Pendekatan yang digunakan yakni pendekatan konseptual, komparatif, dan perundang-undangan.

Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sejak lama mekanisme constitutional question telah menjadi sebuah kebutuhan. Penelitian ini juga membahas contoh faktual kasus yang menjadi alasan semakin pentingnya pengadopsian constitutional question di Indonesia. Dalam konteks fenomena autocratic legalism yang terlihat dalam beberapa praktik pembentukan hukum saat ini menunjukkan bahwa autocratic legalism bukan sekadar kecemasan belaka. Hal tersebut menunjukkan besarnya tendensi akan dibentuknya produk hukum dengan muatan yang berpotensi merugikan dan melanggar hak konstitusional warga negara. Sebagai langkah preventif dari penerapan produk hukum yang demikian pada warga negara di pengadilan, constitutional question dapat menjadi mekanisme yang dapat ditempuh. Di sisi lain, ada beberapa tantangan yang perlu diperhatikan. Yakni mengenai case load, lamanya penyelesaian perkara, penyalahgunaan constitutional question dan meningkatnya pandangan juristokrasi di tubuh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Konstruksi pengaturan constitutional question di Indonesia secara garis besar dapat merujuk pada pengaturan di negara Jerman, Austria, dan Kroasia dengan penyesuaian. Terakhir, perlu pengaturan hakim tunggal untuk memeriksa perkara constitutional question di Indonesia.

This thesis discusses and analyzes the needs and juridical basis for the adoption of constitutional questions as a complement to the constitutionality testing system of laws in Indonesia. In addition, this thesis discusses and analyzes the challenges faced in its institutionalization efforts and provides solutions in order to answer these challenges. This study uses a normative research method that is equipped with the results of interviews with relevant sources. This research used conceptual, comparative, and statutory approach.
This research shows that for a long time the mechanism of constitutional question has become a necessity. This research also presents factual examples of cases that are the reason for the increasing importance of adopting constitutional questions in Indonesia. In the context of the phenomenon of autocratic legalism seen in several current law-making practices, it shows that autocratic legalism is not just anxiety. This shows the large tendency to form legal products with content that has the potential to be detrimental and violates the constitutional rights of citizens. As a preventive measure from the application of such legal products to citizens in court, constitutional questions can be a mechanism that can be taken. On the other hand, there are several challenges that need to be considered. Namely regarding the case load, the length of case settlement, the abuse of constitutional questions, and the increasing view of the judiciary in the Constitutional Court. The construction of constitutional arrangements in Indonesia can broadly refer to the arrangements in Germany, Austria, and Croatia with adjustments. Lastly, it is necessary to arrange a single judge to examine the constitutional question case in Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : Constitutional Question, Concrete Review, Autocratic Legalism, Sistem Pengujian Konstitusionalitas Undang-Undang/Constitutional Question, Concrete Review, Autocratic Legalism, The Constitutionality Testing Systems of Laws