Implementasi Kebijakan Penurunan Angka Stunting Serta Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Kelembagaan dan Kesehatan di Kota Yogyakarta

Tasya Sekaranti Anjani, Dr. Toto Sudargo, SKM., M.Kes.; Dr. John Suprihanto, M.I.M.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional

Stunting menjadi isu strategis nasional yang dihadapi di Indonesia. Salah satu tantangan terbesar dalam konvergensi penanganan stunting adalah memastikan bahwa program, kegiatan, dan sumber pembiayaan dilaksanakan secara terpadu di tingkat Kabupaten/Kota dan Desa. Kebijakan stunting di Kota Yogyakarta berpedoman pada Peraturan Walikota Kota Yogyakarta Nomor 41 Tahun 2021 tentang Rencana Aksi Daerah Mempersiapkan Generasi Unggul Melalui Program 8000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan Tahun 2021-2025. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis implementasi kebijakan penurunan angka stunting, faktor pendukung dan penghambat lintas sektor dan masyarakat serta mengidentifikasi implikasinya terhadap ketahanan kelembagaan dan ketahanan kesehatan di Kota Yogyakarta.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, kepustakaan dan penelusuran internet. Data primer diperoleh dari sepuluh instansi pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta dan data sekunder didapat dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu serta dokumen yang dipublikasikan oleh instansi terkait.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Perwali 41 tidak linear dengan Perpres 72, perbedaaannya terdapat pada tujuan, fokus utama, kelompok sasaran, strategi implementasi dan indikator target pelaksanaan; (2) implementasi kebijakan penurunan angka stunting di Kota Yogyakarta telah berjalan dengan cukup baik melalui sinergi antara berbagai program intervensi yang melibatkan sektor kesehatan dan nonkesehatan; (3) kebijakan penurunan angka stunting di Kota Yogyakarta telah memperkuat ketahanan kelembagaan melalui peningkatan resiliensi perilaku, ketahanan sumber daya, kapabilitas ketahanan, dan respon yang tangguh dari berbagai lembaga terkait; (4) implementasi kebijakan ini juga membawa dampak positif signifikan terhadap ketahanan kesehatan masyarakat di Kota Yogyakarta. Penurunan prevalensi stunting dari persentase tertinggi 14,34 persen pada masa Covid-19 tahun 2020 menjadi 12,88 persen tahun 2021 dan 10,80 persen pada tahun 2022 menunjukkan peningkatan dalam status gizi dan kesehatan anak-anak di Kota Yogyakarta.

Stunting became a national strategic issue faced by Indonesia. One of the biggest challenges in the convergence of stunting handling was ensuring that programs, activities, and funding sources were implemented in an integrated manner at the Regency/City and Village levels. The stunting policy in the City of Yogyakarta was based on the Yogyakarta Mayor Regulation Number 41 of 2021 concerning the Regional Action Plan for Preparing a Superior Generation Through the 8000 First Days of Life Program for the Years 2021-2025. The purpose of this research was to analyze the implementation of stunting reduction policies, cross-sectoral and community support and inhibiting factors, and to identify their implications for institutional resilience and health resilience in the City of Yogyakarta.

This research was field research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, documentation, literature review, and internet searches. Primary data were obtained from ten government agencies in the City of Yogyakarta, and secondary data were obtained from previous research and documents published by relevant agencies.

The research results showed that: (1) Perwali 41 was not aligned with Perpres 72; the differences were in the objectives, main focus, target groups, implementation strategies, and performance target indicators; (2) the implementation of stunting reduction policies in the City of Yogyakarta had been running quite well through the synergy between various intervention programs involving the health and non-health sectors; (2) the stunting reduction policy in the City of Yogyakarta had strengthened institutional resilience through increased behavioral resilience, resource resilience, resilience capabilities, and resilient response from various related institutions; (3) the implementation of this policy also brought significant positive impacts on the health resilience of the community in the City of Yogyakarta. The reduction in stunting prevalence from the highest percentage of 14.34 percent during the Covid-19 period in 2020 to 12.88 percent in 2021 and 10.80 percent in 2022 indicated an improvement in the nutritional status and health of children in the City of Yogyakarta.

Kata Kunci : Implementasi Kebijakan, Stunting, Ketahanan Kelembagaan, Ketahanan Kesehatan