Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan untuk permukiman berdasarkan foto udara pankromatik hitam putih :: Kasus Daerah Gunungkidul Bagian Utara
MARYATA, Prof.Dr. R. Sutanto
2004 | Tesis | S2 Penginderaan JauhPenelitian ini diadakan di daerah Gunungkidul bagian utara, dengan foto udara pankromatik hitam putih skala 1:50.000 sebagai sumber data. Foto udara digunakan untuk menyusun satuan lahan dari hasil interpretasi bentuklahan, lereng, penggunaan lahan dan karakteristik lahan secara langsung atau melalui proses deduktif kumulatif. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) mengetahui ketelitian hasil interpretasi karakteristik lahan yang diperlukan dalam evaluasi kesesuaian lahan permukiman yang diperoleh dari foto udara (2). mengetahui variasi dan persebaran kesesuaian lahan permukiman di daerah penelitian. Oleh karena itu, karakteristik lahan hasil interpretasi foto udara sebelum digunakan untuk analisis selanjutnya lebih dahulu dibandingkan dengan hasil pengamatan lapangan pada 42 lokasi sampel untuk mengetahui ketelitian hasil interpretasinya. Analisisnya dilakukan dengan membandingkan 11 karakteristik lahan setiap satuan lahan, terhadap kriteria kesesuaian lahan permukiman. Karakteristik lahan tersebut : 4 hasil interpretasi foto udara yaitu lereng, kerapatan alur, bahaya longsor dan kedalaman airtanah; 3 hasil pengamatan lapangan yaitu kekuatan batuan, pelapukan batuan dan kedalaman alur; 3 hasil penelitian sebelumnya yaitu tebal solum, permeabilitas dan tekstur tanah; serta 1 karakteristik lahan yaitu indeks cole diturunkan dari tekstur tanahnya. Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan karakteristik lahan dengan kriteria kesesuaian lahan tersebut dapat diketahui variasi kelas kesesuaian lahannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, foto udara pankromatik hitam putih skala 1:50.000 dapat digunakan untuk interpretasi sebagian karakteristik lahan penentu kesesuaian lahan permukiman, dengan ketelitian mencapai lebih 80%, cukup baik. Hasil lain menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lahan di daerah penelitian termasuk kelas kesesuaian cukup sesuai (S.2) dan sangat sesuai (S.1) seluas 10995,1 ha (44,30%)dan 3620,8 ha (14,59%), terdapat pada lahan berombak, lahan bergelombang, lahan lereng kaki perbukitan hingga lahan perbukitan. Sebagian lainnya termasuk kelas sesuai marginal (S.m) dan tidak sesuai untuk saat ini (N.1) yaitu seluas 7592,3 ha (30,59%) dan 2610,3 ha (10,52%), terdapat pada lahan-lahan perbukitan hingga pegunungan.
This study was carried out in the Northern part of Gunungkidul, with black and white panchromatic aerial photographs scaled of 1:50.000 as data source. The aerial photograph used to compile land unit according to interpretation result of landform, slope, land use, and other land characteristics that were obtained directly and through cumulative deductive process. This study was aimed: (1) to find out the accuracy of interpretation result of land characteristic that needed in the evaluation of settlement land suitability which was obtained from the aerial photograph; (2) to understand variation and distribution of land suitability for settlement in the study area, Therefore, land characteristic of aerial photograph interpretation result were compared proceeding to the next analysis with the result of field observations at 42-sample locations in order to know the accuracy of its interpretation result. Its analysis was conducted by comparing 11-land characteristics in each land unit, toward criteria of settlement land suitability. The land characteristics are: 4 result from the interpretation of aerial photograph (slope, drainage density, hazard risk of land slide, ground water depth); 3 field observation results (rock strength, decay of rock, groove deepness); 3 previous research results (depth of soil, soil permeability, soil texture) and 1 land characteristic is soil dwindle (index to the COLE) which declined from the soil texture data. According to the result of comparison between land characteristic and land suitability criteria, the variation of land suitability classes was known. The result of this study shown that black and white panchromatic aerial photograph at scale 1:50.000 which could be used to interpret some characteristic of determining land of settlement land suitability, with accuracy more than 80%, was quite good. Other results indicated that most of the land in the study area which could be categorized as moderately suitable (S.2) and highly suitable (S.1) was 10995,1 ha (44,3%) and 3620,8 ha (14,59%). S.1 and S.2 consisted of wavy land, undulation land and hilly foot slope land. Furthermore, others were included in marginally adjusted class (S.m) and not suitable for this moment (N.1) with 7592,3 ha (30,59%) and 2610,3 ha (10,52%). S.m and N.1 were identified on hilly land to mountain area.
Kata Kunci : Foto Udara,Pankromatik Hitam Putih,Evaluasi Lahan, land characteristic, evaluation, land suitability, settlement
