Nanokomposit Fe-ZnO/Nanozeolit Sebagai Akselerator Fotosintesis Pada Tanaman Bayam Brazil (Alternanthera sissoo)

KHOIRUNNISA IKHTIARI, Prof. Indriana Kartini, S.Si., M.Si., Ph.D.; Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Nuryono, M.S.

2024 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Nanokomposit dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman melalui peningkatan laju fotosintesis tanaman yang diinduksi dengan memberi perlakuan penyemprotan pada daun. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis nanokomposit Fe-ZnO/nanozeolit yang digunakan sebagai akselerator fotosintesis tanaman bayam brazil (Alternanthera sissoo). Secara khusus, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengamati pengaruh variasi konsentrasi Fe pada nanokomposit FeZnO/nanozeolit terhadap laju fotosintesis tanaman bayam brazil.

Sintesis Fe-ZnO dilakukan menggunakan metode presipitasi dengan Zn(NO3)•6H2O dan Fe(NO3)3•9H2O sebagai prekursor dan variasi konsentrasi doping Fe sebesar 0,01; 0,05; 0,1; dan 0,25% b/v. Nanozeolit disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi dengan prekursor aluminium sulfat dan natrium silikat. Nanokomposit dibentuk melalui metode impregnasi Fe-ZnO ke dalam nanozeolit. Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer FT-IR, SR-UV, X-ray fluoresensi (XRF), difraksi sinar-X (XRD), Surface Area Analyzer (SAA), dan mikroskop transmisi elektron (TEM). Nanokomposit disemprotkan pada tanaman bayam selama 4 minggu. Pengaruh nanokomposit pada proses fotosintesis tanaman bayam diamati menggunakan Li-Cor, chlorophyll meter, spektrofotometer FT-IR, XRF, XRD, dan mikroskop elektron SEM-EDX.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa material Fe-ZnO/nanozeolit berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan laju fotosintesis tanaman bayam. Namun, komposisi doping Fe pada material yang berlebihan dapat mengurangi efektivitasnya. Fe-ZnO/nanozeolit 0,1?alah material dengan pengaruh terbaik pada laju fotosintesis dengan laju fotosintesis mencapai 23,03 ?mol CO2m-2 s-1 dan rerata total klorofil 42,608 unit serta energi celah pita sebesar 2,90 eV, yang menunjukkan peningkatan dibandingkan sampel kontrol dengan laju fotosintesis 19,51 ?mol CO2 m-2s-1; rerata klorofil 27,017 unit.

Nanocomposites can be used to increase plant production by increasing the rate of plant photosynthesis induced by spraying the leaves. In this research, the synthesis of Fe-ZnO/nanozeolite nanocomposites has been carried out which is used as a photosynthesis accelerator in Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) plants. Specifically, the aim of this research is to observe the effect of varying Fe concentrations in Fe-ZnO/nanozeolite nanocomposites on the photosynthesis rate of Brazilian spinach plants.

The synthesis of Fe-ZnO was carried out using the precipitation method with Zn(NO3)2•6H2O and Fe(NO3)3•9H2O as precursors and a variation of the Fe doping concentration of 0.01; 0.05; 0.1; and 0.25% m/v. Nanozeolite was synthesized using the coprecipitation method with aluminum sulfate and sodium silicate precursors. Nanocomposites are formed through the Fe-ZnO impregnation method into nanozeolite. Material characterization was carried out using FT-IR spectrophotometer, SR-UV, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Surface Area Analyzer (SAA), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The nanocomposite was sprayed on spinach plants for 4 weeks. The effect of nanocomposites on the photosynthesis process of spinach plants was observed using Li-Cor, chlorophyll meter, FT-IR spectrophotometer, XRF, XRD, and SEM EDX electron microscope.

The results showed that the Fe-ZnO/nanozeolite material had an effect on increasing the photosynthesis rate of spinach plants. However, excessive composition of Fe doping in the material can reduce its effectiveness. FeZnO/nanozeolite 0.1% is the material with the best influence on the rate of photosynthesis with a photosynthesis rate reaching 23.03 ?mol CO2 m-2s-1 and an average total chlorophyll of 42.608 units and a band gap energy of 2.90 eV, which shows an increase compared to the control sample with photosynthesis rate 19.51 ?mol CO2 m-2s-1; mean chlorophyll 27.017 units.

Kata Kunci : Bayam brazil, doping Fe, fotosintesis, nanozeolit, ZnO.