Pengaruh Belanja Modal Infrastruktur Transportasi Terhadap Pengurangan Ketimpangan Antar Wilayah di Provinsi Lampung

De’vega Claudia Evangeliesta, Doddy Aditya Iskandar, S.T. MCP., Ph.D

2024 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Menjelaskan peran belanja modal infrastruktur transportasi terhadap ketimpangan antar wilayah di Provinsi Lampung, 2) Mengukur besarnya pengaruh belanja modal infrastruktur transportasi terhadap pengurangan tingkat ketimpangan ekonomi wilayah. Belanja modal infrastruktur transportasi yang diteliti berupa jalan, pelabuhan dan bandar udara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi data panel Ordinary Least Square (OLS) untuk mengukur besarnya pengaruh antar variabel beas terhadap variabel terikat. Variabel terikat yang digunakan adalah Ketimpangan Wilayah di tingkat provinsi dan Ketimpangan Ekonomi di tingkat kabupaten/kota. sedangkan variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah panjang jalan (nasional, provinsi, dan kabupaten/kota), infrastruktur pelabuhan, infrastruktur bandar udara, belanja modal bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan, karakteristik wilayah, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM).

Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara hubungan ketimpangan antar wilayah dengan tingkat kewenangan pemerintah dalam belanja modal infrastruktur transportasi. Variabel jalan dengan kewenangan nasional, bandar udara, belanja modal bidang kesehatan, serta derajat urbanisasi berpengaruh terhadap penurunan ketimpangan antar wilayah skala provinsi. Sedangkan infrastruktur jalan dengan kewenangan nasional, jalan dengan kewenangan kabupaten/kota, belanja modal bidang kesehatan, serta derajat urbanisasi berpengaruh terhadap penurunan ketimpangan ekonomi skala kabupaten/kota. Hal tersebut dikarenakan belum optimal dan meratanya pembangunan infrastruktur transportasi di beberapa wilayah di Provinsi Lampung sehingga ketimpangan antar wilayah masih terjadi.

The objectives of this study were: 1) Explain the role of transportation infrastructure capital expenditure on regional inequality in Lampung Province, 2) Measure the effect of transportation infrastructure capital expenditure on reducing regional economic inequality. The transportation infrastructure capital expenditure studied is in the form of roads, ports and airports. This study uses the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) panel data regression analysis method to measure the magnitude of the influence between independent variables on the dependent variable. The dependent variables used are Regional Inequality at the provincial level and Economic Inequality at the district/city level, while the independent variables used are road length (national, provincial, and district/city), port infrastructure, airport infrastructure, capital expenditure on education and health, regional characteristics, and Human Development Index (HDI).

The results of this study reveal that there is a difference connection between regional inequality and the level of government authority in transportation infrastructure capital expenditure. National road infrastructure with national government authority, airports, capital expenditure in the health sector, and the degree of urbanization affect the reduction of regional inequality at the provincial scale. Meanwhile, road infrastructure with national authority, roads with district/city authority, capital expenditure in the health sector, and the degree of urbanization have an effect on reducing economic inequality at the district/city scale. This is because there is still uneven development of transportation infrastructure in several regions in Lampung Province so that regional inequality still occurs.

Kata Kunci : Infrastruktur Transportasi, Belanja Modal, Ketimpangan Wilayah / Transportation Infrastructure, Capital Expenditure, Regional Inequality