Pengolahan limbah cair industri batik dengan koagulan dan penyaringan :: Studi kasus di CV. Batik Indah Rara Djonggrang

ASTUTI, Fitri, Dr. Eko Sugiharto, DEA

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Limbah cair industri batik yang tidak diolah berpotensi mencemari lingkungan karena parameter warna, kekeruhan, total suspended solids, dan fenol yang diuji melebihi baku mutu. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kadar koagulan dan jenis saringan yang baik untuk limbah cair industri batik. Percobaan dilakukan dengan penambahan kadar koagulan dengan jumlah yang bervariasi, dengan kadar 5 mg Al/L, 6 mg Al/L, 7 mg Al/L, dan dilanjutkan dengan proses penyaringan menggunakan media saringan tunggal dan media saringan campuran. Bahan media saringan tunggal adalah pasir, arang, ijuk dan bahan media campuran adalah pasir arang dan pasir ijuk arang. Pengaruh kadar koagulan dan kemampuan saringan dievaluasi terhadap perubahan kualitas air yang di tinjau berdasarkan parameter-parameter warna, total suspended solids, kekeruhan, dan fenol. Kemudian dilakukan uji biologi untuk melihat apakah limbah cair yang telah diolah akan aman bila dibuang ke lingkungan. Penambahan koagulan tawas dapat mengurangi konsentrasi total suspended solids, kekeruhan, fenol dan warna limbah cair industri batik. Kadar koagulan yang optimum untuk menurunkan warna, total suspended solids, dan kekeruhan adalah 6 mg Al/L. Kadar koagulan yang makin tinggi akan membuat konsentrasi fenol semakin turun tetapi akan meningkatkan konsentrasi total suspended solids dan kekeruhan. Saringan arang efektif menurunkan fenol dan kekeruhan dari limbah cair industri batik. Saringan pasir arang efektif menurunkan warna dari limbah cair industri batik dan saringan pasir ijuk arang memberikan hasil terbaik dalam menurunkan total suspended solids dari limbah cair industri batik. Setelah mengalami proses pengolahan secara koagulasi dan penyaringan, kualitas limbah cair industri batik sesuai dengan baku mutu limbah cair. Pada uji biologi menggunakan limbah cair yang telah diolah tidak terdapat kematian ikan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa setelah mengalami pengolahan kualitas limbah cair industri batik menjadi meningkat.

Industrial wastewater of batik which is not treated have a potency to contaminate the environment because of its colour, turbidity, total suspended solids, and phenol exceed quality standard. This research aims to know the influence of addition of the rate of coagulant and filter type which is good to reduce the industrial wastewater of batik. The attempt was carry out with the addition of rate coagulant which vary, use the coagulant alum with the rate 5 mg Al/L, 6 mg Al/L, 7 mg Al/L, and continued with the filtration process use the single filter media and mixed filter media. The materials of single filter media is sand, charcoal, fibre of palmtree and the materials of mixed filter media is sand - charcoal and sand - fibre of palmtree- charcoal. Influence of the rate of coagulant and filter ability evaluated to change of quality of water which in evaluation of colour, total suspended solids, turbidity and phenol. A biological test aims to see whether wastewater which have been treated will be peaceful if thrown to environment. The addition of coagulant alum can decrease the concentration of total suspended solids, turbidity, phenol and colour of industrial wastewater of batik. The optimum rate of coagulant to degrade the colour, total suspended solids is 6 mg Al/L. The higher rate of coagulant make the concentration of fenol decrease however it makes the concentration of total suspended solids and turbidity to increase. Charcoal filter is effective to reduce the phenol and turbidity from industrial wastewater of batik. Sand-charcoal filter is effective to reduce the colour from industrial wastewater of batik and sand - fibre of palmtree-charcoal give the best result to reduce total suspended solids from industrial wastewater of batik. After treatment by coagulation and filtration, the quality of industrial liquid waste of batik as according to quality standard of liquid waste. At biological test use the wastewater which have been treated there were not fish death. This reseach shaws that the treatment of waste water using coagulation followed by filtration can improve the quality of industrial wastewater of batik become better.

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan Hidup,Pengolahan Limbah Cair,Industri Batik,alum, coagulation, filtration